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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in poultry in Bangladesh. We performed genotypic and pathotypic characterization of four ND virus (NDV) isolates from recent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Bangladesh during the period of 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete fusion protein gene coding sequences classified the viruses into NDV class II genotype VII.2 together with viruses from Indonesia isolated between 2014 and 2021 and a single 2020 Indian isolate. Pathogenicity testing using the intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chickens and mean embryo death time in embryonating chicken eggs revealed that the Bangladeshi isolates are velogenic. Inoculation of 35-day-old chickens with two NDV isolates (LT67 and N5) resulted in 100% morbidity by 3 days post inoculation (DPI), and all birds succumbed to infection by 7 DPI. Massive hemorrhages, congestion and necrotic lesions were observed in different visceral organs, which were typical for infection with a velogenic viscerotropic pathotype of NDV. At microscopic examination, tracheitis, severe pneumonia, focal proventriculitis, transmural enteritis, focal myocarditis, severe congestion and necrosis in kidneys, and lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues were found. Our study reports the first outbreak of the panzootic genotype VII.2 NDV in poultry in Bangladesh and documents a possible recent re-introduction of this NDV genotype from Southeast or East Asia. This study further provides viral distribution and epidemiological data that can facilitate the effective control of NDV.

Details

Title
The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh
Author
Nooruzzaman, Mohammed 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Hossain, Ismail 2 ; Jahan Ara Begum 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Moula, Moktader 3 ; Shamsul Arefin Khaled 3 ; Rokshana Parvin 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Emdadul Haque Chowdhury 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Diel, Diego G 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dimitrov, Kiril M 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 
 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh 
 Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Limited, 39 Sonargaon Janapath, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh 
 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 
 Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd, College Station, TX 77843, USA 
First page
2627
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
19994915
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2756783875
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.