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Abstract
Dense coding is the seminal example of how entanglement can boost qubit communication, from sending one bit to sending two bits. This is made possible by projecting separate particles onto a maximally entangled basis. We investigate more general communication tasks, in both theory and experiment, and show that simpler measurements enable strong and sometimes even optimal entanglement-assisted qubit communication protocols. Using only partial Bell state analysers for two qubits, we demonstrate quantum correlations that cannot be simulated with two bits of classical communication. Then, we show that there exists an established and operationally meaningful task for which product measurements are sufficient for the strongest possible quantum predictions based on a maximally entangled two-qubit state. Our results reveal that there are scenarios in which the power of entanglement in enhancing quantum communication can be harvested in simple and scalable optical experiments.
Quantifying communication capabilities produced by sharing an entangled qubit pair is still a subject of debate. Here the authors show that there are communication tasks for which sharing an entangled pair gives higher power than sharing two classical bits, even when there is no entanglement in the measurements.
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1 Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377)
2 Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire d’Information Quantique, CP 225, Bruxelles, Belgium (GRID:grid.4989.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2348 0746)
3 Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9377); Hitachi Energy Research, Västerås, Sweden (GRID:grid.10548.38)
4 Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information - IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.4299.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2169 3852); Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.5329.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2348 4034)