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Abstract
The availability of sub 100 fs short and highly intense free-electron laser (FEL) pulses allows for new insights in laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization (LID) of ferromagnetic thin films on nanometer length scales. We designed a pair of in-vacuum Helmholtz coils, providing pulsed magnetic fields up to µ0Hz = ±45 mT, for time-resolved experiments at FEL sources in transmission geometry. We report on the implementation of the Helmholtz coils in an optical-pump–resonant-magnetic-scattering (tr-XRMS) experiment at the FEL FERMI (Elettra, Trieste) to study LID in different magnetic domain networks. We discuss the limitations for multi-shot measurements, that rely on the full reversibility of the demagnetization process in-between two pump–probe events, and emphasize the importance of reference–pump–probe schemes, especially in tr-XRMS experiments that employ external Hz fields.
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1 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg , Germany
2 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg , Germany; Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Leibnitzstraße 19, 24098 Kiel , Germany
3 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg , Germany; Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Leibnitzstraße 19, 24098 Kiel , Germany; Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg , Germany
4 Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg , Germany
5 Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA , Strada Statale 14 – km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza , Italy