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Abstract
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is associated with menopause and/or osteopenia. Morphological changes in the otoconial layer have been reported after ovariectomy (OVX). Moreover, hormone replacement therapy decreases BPPV risk. However, knowledge concerning the effect of hormonal therapy on the otoconial changes caused by estrogen deficiency is limited. We aimed to examine the effect of hormonal therapy on otoconial changes caused by estrogen deficiency. We hypothesized that hormonal therapy could reduce otoconial changes caused by OVX. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: sham operation with implantation of vehicle (sham + v), OVX with implantation of vehicle (OVX + v), OVX with implantation of estradiol (E2) (OVX + E2), and OVX with implantation of raloxifene (RAL) (OVX + RAL) groups. Otoconial layer volume was measured by micro-CT at 4 weeks after OVX or the sham operation. The otic bullae were removed; immunohistochemistry was performed for estrogen receptor alpha and 4-hydroxynonenal. Otoconial layer volume was significantly higher in the OVX + v than in the sham + v group. E2 and RAL significantly reduced these changes in the endometrial layer. The staining of estrogen receptor alpha and 4-hydroxynonenal were stronger in the OVX + v than in the sham + v group but equal in the sham + v, OVX + E2, and OVX + RAL groups. These results indicate that E2 and RAL are effective against morphological changes of the otoconial layer caused by estrogen deficiency via oxidative stress reduction.
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1 Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808); Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Niihama, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4)
2 Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808)
3 Ehime University, Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808)
4 Ehime University, Division of Medical Research Support the Advanced Research Support Center, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808)
5 Ehime University, Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808); Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808); Ehime University, Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Advanced Research Support Center, Toon, Japan (GRID:grid.255464.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 1011 3808)