Predicting Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in the First 7 Days after Admission: Analysis of a Group of Critically Ill Patients

Abstract

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients. Some predictive models have been reported, but the conclusions are controversial. The aim of this study was the formation of nomograms to predict risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients within the first 7 days after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care- (MIMIC-) III database. The random forest method was used to fill in the missing values, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis was performed to screen for possible risk factors. Results. A total of 561 patients were enrolled. Complication with AKI is significantly associated with a longer length of stay (LOS). For all patients, the predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), central venous pressure (CVP) measured for the first time after admission, and maximum and minimum mean artery pressure (MAP). The model showed good discrimination ($\text{C}-\text{index}=0.818$, 95% CI: 0.779-0.857). In the subgroup of patients with well-controlled blood glucose levels, the significant predictors included hypertension, CABG, CPB, SAPS II, and maximum and minimum MAP. Good discrimination was also present before ($\text{C}-\text{index}=0.785$, 95% CI: 0.736–0.834) and after adjustment (adjusted $\text{C}-\text{index}=0.770$). Conclusion. Hypertension, CAD, CPB, CABG, SAPS II, CVP measured for the first time after admission, and maximum and minimum MAP were independent risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients.