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This study reviews issues of scale concept, scale effect and scaling transformation in geo-information sciences. A 3×3 matrix model is presented to jointly represent scale intension and extension, as well as the exploration of 9 sub-concepts of scale branches. Based on the interaction between sub-scale concepts, the study examines the dependence between scale broadness and granularity, the consistent change rules of temporal-spatial granularity and semantic-spatial granularity. Due to the importance of spatial relationship in spatial analysis and reasoning, three relationship granularities on topological, direction and distance geometry are discussed with corresponding computation methods. After the complete interpretation of scale concepts in Geo-information sciences, the paper offers the future works on scale question including the formalization of scale concept, no-change of scale questions and role of scaling transformation in spatial knowledge acquisition.
