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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background: Botulism is a low incidence but potentially fatal infectious disease caused by neurotoxins produced mainly by Clostridium botulinum. There are different routes of acquisition, food-borne and infant/intestinal being the most frequent presentation, and antitoxin is the treatment of choice in all cases. In Spain, botulism is under surveillance, and case reporting is mandatory. Methods: This retrospective study attempts to provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of botulism in Spain from 1997 to 2019 and an assessment of the treatment, including the relationship between a delay in antitoxin administration and the length of hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazards test and Kruskal–Wallis test, and an approach to the frequency of adverse events, issues for which no previous national data have been published. Results: Eight of the 44 outbreaks were associated with contaminated commercial foods involving ≤7 cases/outbreak; preserved vegetables were the main source of infection, followed by fish products; early antitoxin administration significantly reduces the hospital stay, and adverse reactions to the antitoxin affect around 3% of treated cases.

Details

Title
Botulism in Spain: Epidemiology and Outcomes of Antitoxin Treatment, 1997–2019
Author
Peñuelas, Marina 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Guerrero-Vadillo, María 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Valdezate, Sylvia 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; María Jesús Zamora 4 ; Leon-Gomez, Inmaculada 5 ; Flores-Cuéllar, Ángeles 6 ; Carrasco, Gema 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Díaz-García, Oliva 2 ; Varela, Carmen 5 

 Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Calle de Bravo Murillo, 38, 28015 Madrid, Spain; Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, 28029 Madrid, Spain 
 Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, 28029 Madrid, Spain 
 Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Taxonomía, Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 2.2, 28220 Madrid, Spain 
 Servicio de Microbiología Alimentaria, Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ctra. Pozuelo a Majadahonda Km 5.1, 28220 Madrid, Spain 
 Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 12, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain 
 Medicines for Human Use Department, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), C/Campezo 1, Edificio 8, 28022 Madrid, Spain 
First page
2
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726651
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2767292896
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.