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Abstract
Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM) and Hepatozoon spp. are important vector-borne parasites of humans and animals. CNM is a relatively recently discovered pathogen of humans. Hepatozoon are parasites of reptiles, amphibians and mammals, commonly found in rodents and carnivores worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of CNM and Hepatozoon spp. in three species of Microtus and to assess the occurrence of vertical transmission in naturally-infected voles. Molecular techniques were used to detect pathogen DNA in blood and tissue samples of captured voles and their offspring. The prevalence of CNM in the vole community ranged 24–47% depending on Microtus species. The DNA of CNM was detected in 21% of pups from three litters of six infected Microtus dams (two Microtus arvalis and one M. oeconomus) and in 3/45 embryos (6.6%) from two litters of eight CNM-infected pregnant females. We detected Hepatozoon infection in 14% of M. arvalis and 9% of M. oeconomus voles. Hepatozoon sp. DNA was detected in 48.7% of pups from seven litters (6 M. arvalis and 1 M. oeconomus) and in two embryos (14.3%) obtained from one M. arvalis litter. The high prevalence of CNM infections in the Microtus spp. community may be a result of a relatively high rate of vertical transmission among naturally infected voles. Vertical transmission was also demonstrated for Hepatozoon sp. in M. arvalis and M. oeconomus. Our study underlines the significance of alternative routes of transmission of important vector-borne pathogens.
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Details
1 University of Warsaw, Department of Eco-epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.12847.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1290); Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.413454.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 1958 0162)
2 University of Warsaw, Department of Eco-epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.12847.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1290)
3 Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Gdynia, Poland (GRID:grid.11451.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 0531 3426)
4 University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, UK (GRID:grid.4563.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8868)