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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The process of looking for alternative energy sources is driven by the increasing demand for energy and environmental contamination caused by using fossil fuels. Recent investigations reported the efficiency of microalgae for biofuel production due to its low cost of production, high speed of growth, and ability to grow in harsh environments. In addition, many microalgae are photosynthetic, consuming CO2 and solar light to grow in biomass and providing a promising bioenergy source. This review presents the recent advances in the application of microalgae for biofuel production. In addition, cultivation and harvesting systems and environmental factors that affect microalgae cultivation for biofuel production have also been discussed. Moreover, lipid extraction and conversion technologies to biofuel are presented. The mixotrophic cultivation strategy is promising as it combines the advantages of heterotrophy and autotrophy. Green harvesting methods such as using bio-coagulants and flocculants are promising technologies to reduce the cost of microalgal biomass production. In the future, more investigations into co-cultivation systems, new green harvesting methods, high lipids extraction methods, and the optimization of lipid extraction and converting processes should be implemented to increase the sustainability of microalgae application for biofuel production.

Details

Title
Biofuel Production Using Cultivated Algae: Technologies, Economics, and Its Environmental Impacts
Author
Motasem Y D Alazaiza 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Albahnasawi, Ahmed 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tahra Al Maskari 1 ; Mohammed Shadi S Abujazar 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bashir, Mohammed J K 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dia Eddin Nassani 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Abu Amr, Salem S 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman 
 Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey 
 Al-Aqsa Community Intermediate College, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza 4051, Palestine 
 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia 
 Department of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27500, Turkey 
 International College of Engineering and Management, Seeb 2511, Oman 
First page
1316
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
19961073
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2774899384
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.