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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Phenolic compounds have been scientifically recognized as beneficial to intestinal health. The cactus Nopalea cochenillifera, used as anti-inflammatory in traditional medicine, is a rich source of these bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of N. cochenillifera extract and evaluate its acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect on 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The total phenolic content per gram of dry extract was 67.85 mg. Through HPLC-IES-MSn, a total of 25 compounds such as saccharides, organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were characterized. The dose of 2000 mg/kg of extract by an oral route showed no signs of toxicity, mortality or significant changes in biochemical and hematological parameters. Regarding intestinal anti-inflammatory effects, animals were treated with three different doses of extract or sulfasalazine. Macroscopic analysis of the colon indicated that the extract decreased the disease activity index. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased, IL-10 increased and MDA and MPO enzyme levels decreased when compared with the control group. In addition, a down-regulation of MAPK1/ERK2 and NF-κB p65 pathway markers in colon tissue was observed. The epithelial integrity was improved according to histopathological and immunohistological analysis. Thus, the extract provided strong preclinical evidence of being effective in maintaining the remission of colitis.

Details

Title
Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phenolic-Rich Extract from Nopalea cochenillifera (Cactaceae): A Preclinical Study on the Prevention of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Author
Emanuella de Aragão Tavares 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra 2 ; Nadja Maria da Costa Melo 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dantas-Medeiros, Renato 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Elaine Cristine Souza da Silva 3 ; Anderson Wilbur Lopes Andrade 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo 4 ; Valéria Costa da Silva 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zanatta, Ana Caroline 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Thaís Gomes de Carvalho 6 ; Aurigena Antunes de Araújo 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo-Júnior 8 ; Zucolotto, Silvana Maria 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
 Health Sciences College of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 59078-970, Brazil 
 Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil 
 Program Degree in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
 Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Program Degree in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Program Degree in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Morphology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil 
First page
594
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22237747
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2774944154
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.