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Abstract
Perceived health competence is thought to contribute to lifelong healthy behavior. However, the factors that affect perceived health competence have not been investigated. We investigated the associations among perceived health competence, effortful control, self-control, and personality traits in university students and proposed a model of how these factors affect perceived health competence. The participants were 320 Japanese university students who completed a questionnaire regarding their height, weight, perceived health competence, effortful control, self-control, and personality traits. The three-step multiple regression analysis showed that effortful control was positively associated with the perceived health competence, and self-control was positively with, and impulsivity was inversely associated with effortful control respectively, indicating that effortful control was an intermediate factor. Structural equation modeling showed a good fit for both genders, with a common path for both genders to perceived health competence via effortful control and a different involvement of personality traits for men and women. These results suggest that effortful control is directly associated with perceived health competence; in addition, both self-control and impulsiveness are indirectly associated with perceived health competence via effortful control.
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1 Kobe University, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe, Japan (GRID:grid.31432.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 1092 3077)
2 Kansai Medical University, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Hirakata, Japan (GRID:grid.410783.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2172 5041)
3 Tokushima Bunri University, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima, Japan (GRID:grid.412769.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0672 0015)
4 Kyoto Women’s University, Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kyoto, Japan (GRID:grid.411223.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0666 1238)
5 Kobe University, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe, Japan (GRID:grid.31432.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 1092 3077); Kansai Medical University, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Hirakata, Japan (GRID:grid.410783.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2172 5041)