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Abstract
Voucher-based contingency management (CM) research has demonstrated efficacy for treating cocaine addiction, but few studies have examined associations between individual baseline characteristics and response to CM treatments. The aim of this study, involving 50 cocaine outpatients receiving CM for cocaine addiction, was to assess the impact of baseline characteristics on abstinence outcomes after six months of treatment. Patients who were abstinent after six months of treatment accounted for 58% of the sample. Patients with higher scores on the Alcohol area of the EuropASI and patients that were non-abstinent during the first month of treatment were less likely to achieve abstinence. These outcome predictors have implications both for treatment research and for clinical practice. Patients who do not respond early to treatment may need a more intensive intervention, and concomitant problematic alcohol use should be detected and treated. The remaining baseline variables examined were not statistically significant predictors of abstinence. This finding is important for the generalizability of CM across the range of individual characteristics of treatment-seeking cocaine abusers.
Características individuales y eficacia del Manejo de Contingencias en el tratamiento de la adicción a la cocaína. Los programas de Manejo de Contingencias (MC) basados en incentivos han demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de la adicción a la cocaína, pero pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre el perfil de adictos a la cocaína y la eficacia de los procedimientos de MC. El objetivo de este estudio, en el que participaron 50 adictos a la cocaína en tratamiento en un programa de MC, consistió en evaluar el impacto de las características individuales de los pacientes sobre la abstinencia. El 58% de los participantes se encontraban abstinentes a los seis meses de tratamiento. Los pacientes con puntuaciones más altas en el área de Alcohol del EuropASI, y aquellos que consumieron cocaína durante el primer mes de tratamiento, tenían menos probabilidad de logar la abstinencia a los seis meses. Las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados apuntan la necesidad de reforzar las intervenciones cuando los pacientes no respondan inicialmente a tratamiento, y detectar e intervenir sobre el consumo problemático de alcohol. El resto de variables examinadas no predecían de forma significativa la abstinencia. Este hallazgo es importante para generalizar el uso de programas de MC entre distintos perfiles de adictos a la cocaína que demandan tratamiento.
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