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Abstract
Tradicionalmente la motivación se ha entendido como algo situado dentro de la persona que podría explicar algunos comportamientos y tener un papel causal sobre la conducta manifiesta de cambio. En el campo de la psicología clínica y de la salud el Modelo Transteórico de Cambio y la Entrevista Motivacional abordan el estudio de la motivación siguiendo esta línea de conceptualización. Frente a esta perspectiva, el análisis de la conducta ha formulado el concepto de operación de establecimiento como estímulo u operación ambiental que altera momentáneamente las funciones de estímulos y la probabilidad de respuestas posteriores, lo que permite estudiar la motivación sin recurrir a inferencias o a términos cognitivistas. Desde este punto de vista el estudio de la motivación en terapia pasaría por el análisis del efecto que determinadas verbalizaciones del terapeuta tienen sobre la conducta del cliente. Concretamente, proponemos que el análisis de las verbalizaciones motivadoras del terapeuta se centre en aquellas descripciones que los terapeutas hacen de las situaciones estimulares que han sido, son o serán consecuencia de la conducta del cliente.
A behavioral conceptualization of motivation in the therapeutic process. Motivation has traditionally been conceptualized as something situated inside the person, which might explain certain behaviors and play a causal role in overt changes in behavior. This type of approach was assumed by the Transtheoretical Model of Change and Motivational Interviewing in the area of clinical and health psychology. In contrast, the behavioral concept of establishing operation is defined as a stimulus or environmental operation that momentarily alters the functions of other stimuli and the response probability, which allows us to study motivation without making inferences or assuming a cognitivist terminology. From this point of view, the study of motivation in therapy implies the analysis of the effect that certain verbalizations of the therapist have on the client’s behavior. Moreover, we propose that the analysis of therapists’ motivating verbalizations should focus on descriptions of the past, present and future consequences of the client’s behavior.
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