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Abstract
La investigación internacional ha evidenciado la relevancia de la variable empatía en la agresión sexual. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar, en una muestra española de delincuentes, la relación déficit en empatía-agresión sexual para diferentes tipos de víctimas, así como los posibles beneficios del tratamiento psicológico en la mejora de esta variable. Para evaluar la empatía se tradujo y adaptó al castellano la Rape Empathy Measure y se aplicó a un grupo de 118 delincuentes no-sexuales y a otro de 73 violadores, 39 tratados y 34 no-tratados. Los principales resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que los violadores no-tratados puntúan más bajo en empatía que los delincuentes no-sexuales; sin embargo, los violadores tratados superan en empatía tanto a los violadores no-tratados como a los delincuentes no-sexuales. Estos resultados son parcialmente coherentes con los de otras investigaciones precedentes. Para finalizar se comenta la conveniencia de evaluar en futuros estudios tanto la variable empatía como otras variables psicológicas conectadas con la agresión sexual.
Study of empathy in a Spanish sex offender sample. International research has emphasised that empathy is a relevant factor of sex offending. The main goal of this study is to explore, in a Spanish sex offender sample, the relationship between empathy deficits and sex crime for various types of victims. This study also analyses the positive effect that psychological treatment could have on empathy. For this purpose, 118 non-sex offenders were compared on an adapted version of Rape Empathy Measure to 39 treated rapists and 34 untreated rapists. Results show that the untreated rapists have lower empathy levels than non-sex offenders. Nevertheless, the treated rapists scored higher on empathy than the other two groups assessed, untreated rapists and non-sex offenders. Lastly, some suggestions are provided for future research in terms of the assessment of empathy and other factors related to sexual aggression.
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