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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently accompanied by neurological manifestations such as headache, delirium, and epileptic seizures, whereas ageusia and anosmia may appear before respiratory symptoms. Among the various neurological COVID-19-related comorbidities, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has gained increasing attention. Some cases of PD disease have been linked to COVID-19, and both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients frequently worsen following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although it is still unclear whether PD increases the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or whether COVID-19 increases the risk of or unmasks future cases of PD, emerging evidence sheds more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two diseases. Among them, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a significant component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), seems to play a pivotal role. ACE2 is required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host cells, and ACE2 dysregulation is implicated in the severity of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ACE2 imbalance is implicated in core shared pathophysiological mechanisms between PD and COVID-19, including aberrant inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. ACE2 may also be implicated in alpha-synuclein-induced dopaminergic degeneration, gut–brain axis dysregulation, blood–brain axis disruption, autonomic dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and hyposmia, which are key features of PD.

Details

Title
Exploring the Role of ACE2 as a Connecting Link between COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease
Author
Angelopoulou, Efthalia 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Karlafti, Eleni 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Papalexis, Petros 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Papageorgiou, Sokratis G 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tegos, Thomas 5 ; Savopoulos, Christos 6 

 Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece 
 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicin, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Emergency Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 
 Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece 
 Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece 
 First Neurology Department Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 
 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicin, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 
First page
536
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20751729
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2779574841
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.