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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Alginate–gelatin hydrogels mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM) of soft tissues have been generated by static–dynamic double crosslinking, allowing fine control over the physical and chemical properties. Dynamic crosslinking provides self-healing and injectability attributes to the hydrogel and promotes cell migration and proliferation, while the static network improves stability. The static crosslinking was performed by enzymatic coupling of the tyrosine residues of gelatin with tyramine residues inserted in the alginate backbone, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The dynamic crosslinking was obtained by functionalizing alginate with 3-aminophenylboronic acid which generates a reversible bond with the vicinal hydroxyl groups of the alginate chains. Varying the ratio of alginate and gelatin, hydrogels with different properties were obtained, and the most suitable for 3D soft tissue model development with a 2.5:1 alginate:gelatin molar ratio was selected. The selected hydrogel was characterized with a swelling test, rheology test, self-healing test and by cytotoxicity, and the formulation resulted in transparent, reproducible, varying biomaterial batch, with a fast gelation time and cell biocompatibility. It is able to modulate the loss of the inner structure stability for a longer time with respect to the formulation made with only covalent enzymatic crosslinking, and shows self-healing properties.

Details

Title
Alginate–Gelatin Self-Healing Hydrogel Produced via Static–Dynamic Crosslinking
Author
Cadamuro, Francesca 1 ; Ardenti, Valeria 1 ; Nicotra, Francesco 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Russo, Laura 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy 
 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland 
First page
2851
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
14203049
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2791693922
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.