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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Specific and sensitive tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of accidents by venomous animals are urgently needed. Several diagnostic and monitoring assays have been developed; however, they have not yet reached the clinic. This has resulted in late diagnoses, which represents one of the main causes of progression from mild to severe disease. Human blood is a protein-rich biological fluid that is routinely collected in hospital settings for diagnostic purposes, which can translate research progress from the laboratory to the clinic. Although it is a limited view, blood plasma proteins provide information about the clinical picture of envenomation. Proteome disturbances in response to envenomation by venomous animals have been identified, allowing mass spectrometry (MS)-based plasma proteomics to emerge as a tool in a range of clinical diagnostics and disease management that can be applied to cases of venomous animal envenomation. Here, we provide a review of the state of the art on routine laboratory diagnoses of envenomation by snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, as well as a review of the diagnostic methods and the challenges encountered. We present the state of the art on clinical proteomics as the standardization of procedures to be performed within and between research laboratories, favoring a more excellent peptide coverage of candidate proteins for biomarkers. Therefore, the selection of a sample type and method of preparation should be very specific and based on the discovery of biomarkers in specific approaches. However, the sample collection protocol (e.g., collection tube type) and the processing procedure of the sample (e.g., clotting temperature, time allowed for clotting, and anticoagulant used) are equally important to eliminate any bias.

Details

Title
Challenges and Opportunities in Clinical Diagnostic Routine of Envenomation Using Blood Plasma Proteomics
Author
Joeliton dos Santos Cavalcante 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Denis Emanuel Garcia de Almeida 2 ; Micael Saggion Moraes 2 ; Sophia Ribeiro Santos 2 ; Pedro Moriel Pincinato 2 ; Pedro Marques Riciopo 2 ; Laís Lacerda B de Oliveira 3 ; Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Rui Seabra Ferreira-Junior 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil 
 Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18610-034, São Paulo, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60020-181, Ceará, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil 
 Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18619-002, São Paulo, Brazil 
First page
180
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726651
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2791746231
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.