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© The Author(s). 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic vision is crucial to perform any kind of manual task. The reduction from real life 3D to virtual two-dimensional (2D) sight is a major challenge in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). A 3D display technique has been shown to reduce operation time and mistakes and to improve the learning curve. Therefore, the use of a3D display technique seems to optimize surgical performance for novice and experienced surgeons. Inspired by consumer electronics, a 4K display technique was recently introduced to MIS. Due to its high resolution and zoom effect, surgeons should benefit from it. The aim of this study is to evaluate if “state-of-the-art” 3D- vs. 4K-display techniques could influence surgical performance.

Methods

A randomized, cross-over, single-institution, single-blinded trial is designed. It compares the primary outcome parameter “surgical performance”, represented by “performance time ”and “number of mistakes”, using a passive polarizing 3D and a 4K display system (two arms) to perform different tasks in a minimally invasive/laparoscopic training parkour. Secondary outcome parameters are the mental stress load (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index) and the learning curve. Unexperienced novices (medical students), non-board-certified, and board-certified abdominal surgeons participate in the trial (i.e., level of experience, 3 strata). The parkour consists of seven tasks (for novices, five tasks), which will be repeated three times. The 1st run of the parkour will be performed with the randomized display system, the 2nd run with the other one. After each run, the mental stress load is measured. After completion of the parkour, all participants are evaluated by an ophthalmologist for visual acuity and stereoscopic vision with five tests. Assuming a correlation of 0.5 between measurements per subject, a sample size of 36 per stratum is required to detect a standardized effect of 0.5 (including an additional 5% for a non-parametric approach) with a power of 80% at a two-sided type I error of 5%. Thus, altogether 108 subjects need to be enrolled.

Discussion

Complex surgical procedures are performed in a minimally invasive/laparoscopic technique. This study should provide some evidence to decide which display technique a surgeon could choose to optimize his performance.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03445429. Registered on 7 February 2018.

Details

Title
3D vs. 4K Display System - Influence of “State-of-the-art”-Display Technique On Surgical Performance (IDOSP-Study) in minimally invasive surgery: protocol for a randomized cross-over trial
Author
Wahba, Roger 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Datta, Rabi Raj 1 ; Hedergott, Andrea 2 ; Bußhoff, Jana 1 ; Bruns, Thomas 1 ; Kleinert, Robert 1 ; Dieplinger, Georg 1 ; Fuchs, Hans 1 ; Giezelt, Caroline 2 ; Möller, Desdemona 3 ; Hellmich, Martin 4 ; Bruns, Christiane J. 5 ; Stippel, Dirk L. 5 

 University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Cologne, Germany 
 University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Department of Ophthalmology, Cologne, Germany 
 University of Cologne, Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration and Health Care Management, Cologne, Germany (GRID:grid.6190.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 8580 3777) 
 University of Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (GRID:grid.6190.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 8580 3777) 
 University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Cologne, Germany (GRID:grid.6190.e) 
Pages
299
Publication year
2019
Publication date
Dec 2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
e-ISSN
17456215
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2795254398
Copyright
© The Author(s). 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.