An overview of the complex interaction between obesity and target organ dysfunction: focus on redox-inflammatory state

Abstract

The high consumption of simple carbohydrates and saturated fat is associated with a positive energy balance and fat accumulation. This scenario has been contributing to increase obesity rates in the world population in the last decades. Adipose tissue dysfunction has been associated with early stages of obesity-associated comorbidities due to several direct and indirect mechanisms, such as unregulated adipokine secretion, macrophage infiltration, inflammation, reduced antioxidant defense, and oxidative stress. These conditions can result in several metabolic disorders, among them, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance besides with tissue and organ dysfunction. Thus, the better understanding of the processes involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction can help in preventive and treatment studies in order to reduce obesity consequences.