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Abstract
Disparities exist between sexes regarding tuberculosis (TB) incidence, as well as disease severity and outcome. Using a nationwide TB registry database, we explored the impact of sex and age on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among all enrolled patients by (1) calculating the female proportion for every age category according to TB-affected locations, (2) calculating the proportions of EPTB stratified by sex according to age, (3) conducting multivariable analysis to examine the impact of sex and age on EPTB likelihood, and (4) assessing the odds of EPTB for female compared to male as reference in every age category. Further, we explored the impact of sex and age on disease severity among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients. Of all the TB patients, 40.1% were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.49. The proportion of females was lowest in their fifties, resembling a U-shape. The male-to-female ratios in PTB and EPTB were 1.67 and 1.03, respectively. Compared to men, women were significantly associated with EPTB in their forties, fifties, and sixties. Female patients with PTB had significantly lower odds of having cavitation and positive smear test results in their fifties. Significant differences were found concerning TB location and severity between sexes, especially during reproductive age.
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1 The Catholic University of Korea, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411947.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 4224)
2 Dankook University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411982.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0705 4288)
3 The Catholic University of Korea, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411947.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 4224)
4 Hallym University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.256753.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5964)
5 Korea University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678)
6 Dongguk University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.255168.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 0671 5021)
7 Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.412677.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1798 4157)
8 Konyang University, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411143.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 8674 9741)
9 Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.254229.a) (ISNI:0000 0000 9611 0917)
10 Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.15444.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5454)
11 Inje University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411612.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5112)
12 The Catholic University of Korea, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411947.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 4224); The Catholic University of Korea, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.411947.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 4224)