Abstract

We present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model.

Details

Title
Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach
Author
Agnes, P. 1 ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. 2 ; Alexander, T. 3 ; Alton, A. K. 4 ; Ave, M. 2 ; Back, H. O. 3 ; Batignani, G. 5 ; Biery, K. 6 ; Bocci, V. 7 ; Bonivento, W. M. 8 ; Bottino, B. 9 ; Bussino, S. 10 ; Cadeddu, M. 8 ; Cadoni, M. 11 ; Calaprice, F. 12 ; Caminata, A. 13 ; Campos, M. D. 14 ; Canci, N. 15 ; Caravati, M. 8 ; Cargioli, N. 8 ; Cariello, M. 13 ; Carlini, M. 16 ; Cataudella, V. 17 ; Cavalcante, P. 18 ; Cavuoti, S. 17 ; Chashin, S. 19 ; Chepurnov, A. 19 ; Cicalò, C. 8 ; Covone, G. 17 ; D’Angelo, D. 20 ; Davini, S. 13 ; De Candia, A. 17 ; De Cecco, S. 21 ; De Filippis, G. 17 ; De Rosa, G. 17 ; Derbin, A. V. 22 ; Devoto, A. 11 ; D’Incecco, M. 15 ; Dionisi, C. 21 ; Dordei, F. 8 ; Downing, M. 23 ; D’Urso, D. 24 ; Fairbairn, M. 14 ; Fiorillo, G. 17 ; Franco, D. 25 ; Gabriele, F. 8 ; Galbiati, C. 26 ; Ghiano, C. 15 ; Giganti, C. 27 ; Giovanetti, G. K. 12 ; Goretti, A. M. 15 ; Grilli di Cortona, G. 28 ; Grobov, A. 29 ; Gromov, M. 30 ; Guan, M. 31 ; Gulino, M. 32 ; Hackett, B. R. 3 ; Herner, K. 6 ; Hessel, T. 25 ; Hosseini, B. 8 ; Hubaut, F. 33 ; Hungerford, E. V. 34 ; Ianni, An. 35 ; Ippolito, V. 7 ; Keeter, K. 36 ; Kendziora, C. L. 6 ; Kimura, M. 37 ; Kochanek, I. 15 ; Korablev, D. 38 ; Korga, G. 39 ; Kubankin, A. 40 ; Kuss, M. 41 ; La Commara, M. 17 ; Lai, M. 11 ; Li, X. 12 ; Lissia, M. 8 ; Longo, G. 17 ; Lychagina, O. 30 ; Machulin, I. N. 29 ; Mapelli, L. P. 42 ; Mari, S. M. 10 ; Maricic, J. 43 ; Messina, A. 21 ; Milincic, R. 43 ; Monroe, J. 1 ; Morrocchi, M. 44 ; Mougeot, X. 45 ; Muratova, V. N. 22 ; Musico, P. 13 ; Nozdrina, A. O. 29 ; Oleinik, A. 40 ; Ortica, F. 46 ; Pagani, L. 47 ; Pallavicini, M. 9 ; Pandola, L. 48 ; Pantic, E. 47 ; Paoloni, E. 49 ; Pelczar, K. 50 ; Pelliccia, N. 46 ; Piacentini, S. 21 ; Pocar, A. 23 ; Poehlmann, D. M. 47 ; Pordes, S. 6 ; Poudel, S. S. 34 ; Pralavorio, P. 33 ; Price, D. D. 51 ; Ragusa, F. 20 ; Razeti, M. 8 ; Razeto, A. 15 ; Renshaw, A. L. 34 ; Rescigno, M. 7 ; Rode, J. 52 ; Romani, A. 46 ; Sablone, D. 35 ; Samoylov, O. 38 ; Sandford, E. 51 ; Sands, W. 12 ; Sanfilippo, S. 48 ; Savarese, C. 12 ; Schlitzer, B. 47 ; Semenov, D. A. 22 ; Shchagin, A. 40 ; Sheshukov, A. 38 ; Skorokhvatov, M. D. 29 ; Smirnov, O. 38 ; Sotnikov, A. 38 ; Stracka, S. 53 ; Suvorov, Y. 17 ; Tartaglia, R. 15 ; Testera, G. 13 ; Tonazzo, A. 25 ; Unzhakov, E. V. 22 ; Vishneva, A. 38 ; Vogelaar, R. B. 54 ; Wada, M. 55 ; Wang, H. 42 ; Wang, Y. 56 ; Westerdale, S. 57 ; Wojcik, M. M. 58 ; Xiao, X. 42 ; Yang, C. 31 ; Zuzel, G. 58 

1  Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, UK (GRID:grid.4970.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 881X) 
2  Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722) 
3  Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA (GRID:grid.451303.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2218 3491) 
4  Augustana University, Physics Department, Sioux Falls, USA (GRID:grid.252555.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9270) 
5  INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.451303.0); Università degli Studi di Pisa, Physics Department, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.5395.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3729) 
6  Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, USA (GRID:grid.417851.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0675 0679) 
7  INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.470218.8) 
8  INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.470195.e) 
9  Università degli Studi di Genova, Physics Department, Genoa, Italy (GRID:grid.5606.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 3065); INFN Genova, Genoa, Italy (GRID:grid.470205.4) 
10  INFN Roma Tre, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.6045.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 5281); Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Mathematics and Physics Department, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.8509.4) (ISNI:0000000121622106) 
11  INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.470195.e); Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Physics Department, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.7763.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 3242) 
12  Princeton University, Physics Department, Princeton, USA (GRID:grid.16750.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 5006) 
13  INFN Genova, Genoa, Italy (GRID:grid.470205.4) 
14  Strand, Physics, Kings College London, London, UK (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764) 
15  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832) 
16  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832); Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy (GRID:grid.466750.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 6005 2566) 
17  Università degli Studi “Federico II” di Napoli, Physics Department, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.4691.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0790 385X); INFN Napoli, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.470211.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 8343 7696) 
18  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832); Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA (GRID:grid.438526.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0694 4940) 
19  Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.14476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2342 9668) 
20  Università degli Studi di Milano, Physics Department, Milan, Italy (GRID:grid.4708.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2822); INFN Milano, Milan, Italy (GRID:grid.470206.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 7471 9720) 
21  INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.470218.8); Sapienza Università di Roma, Physics Department, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.7841.a) 
22  Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia (GRID:grid.430219.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0619 3376) 
23  University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, Amherst, USA (GRID:grid.266683.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 5835) 
24  Università degli Studi di Sassari, Chemistry and Pharmacy Department, Sassari, Italy (GRID:grid.11450.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 9138); INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy (GRID:grid.466880.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 4895) 
25  Astroparticule et Cosmologie, APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France (GRID:grid.462017.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 0385 0641) 
26  Princeton University, Physics Department, Princeton, USA (GRID:grid.16750.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 5006); INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832); Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy (GRID:grid.466750.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 6005 2566) 
27  Université Paris Diderot, LPNHE, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (GRID:grid.508487.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 7885 7602) 
28  INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy (GRID:grid.470218.8); INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy (GRID:grid.463190.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0648 0236) 
29  National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.18919.38) (ISNI:0000000406204151); National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.183446.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 8868 5198) 
30  Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.14476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2342 9668); Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia (GRID:grid.33762.33) (ISNI:0000000406204119) 
31  Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097) 
32  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy (GRID:grid.466880.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 4895); Università di Enna Kore, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Enna, Italy (GRID:grid.440863.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0460 360X) 
33  Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Marseille, France (GRID:grid.470046.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0452 0652) 
34  University of Houston, Department of Physics, Houston, USA (GRID:grid.266436.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1569 9707) 
35  Princeton University, Physics Department, Princeton, USA (GRID:grid.16750.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 5006); INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832) 
36  Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, USA (GRID:grid.253147.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9695 4052) 
37  Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, AstroCeNT, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.436383.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0607 8909) 
38  Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia (GRID:grid.33762.33) (ISNI:0000000406204119) 
39  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832); University of Houston, Department of Physics, Houston, USA (GRID:grid.266436.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1569 9707) 
40  Belgorod National Research University, Radiation Physics Laboratory, Belgorod, Russia (GRID:grid.445984.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2224 0652) 
41  INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.445984.0) 
42  University of California, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718) 
43  University of Hawai’i, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Honolulu, USA (GRID:grid.410445.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 0957) 
44  INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.4970.a); Università degli Studi di Pisa, Physics Department, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.5395.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3729) 
45  Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Palaiseau, France (GRID:grid.457331.7) 
46  Università degli Studi di Perugia, Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Perugia, Italy (GRID:grid.9027.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3630); INFN Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GRID:grid.470215.5) 
47  University of California, Department of Physics, Davis, USA (GRID:grid.27860.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9684) 
48  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy (GRID:grid.466880.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 4895) 
49  INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.27860.3b); Università degli Studi di Pisa, Physics Department, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.5395.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3729) 
50  INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy (GRID:grid.466877.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2201 8832); Jagiellonian University, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Krakow, Poland (GRID:grid.5522.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 9631) 
51  The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (GRID:grid.5379.8) (ISNI:0000000121662407) 
52  Astroparticule et Cosmologie, APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France (GRID:grid.462017.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 0385 0641); Université Paris Diderot, LPNHE, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (GRID:grid.508487.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 7885 7602) 
53  INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.33762.33) 
54  Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA (GRID:grid.438526.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0694 4940) 
55  Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Physics Department, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.7763.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 3242); Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, AstroCeNT, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.436383.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0607 8909) 
56  Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097); University of California, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718) 
57  University of California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Riverside, USA (GRID:grid.266097.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2222 1582) 
58  Jagiellonian University, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Krakow, Poland (GRID:grid.5522.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 9631) 
Pages
322
Publication year
2023
Publication date
Apr 2023
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
ISSN
14346044
e-ISSN
14346052
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11410-4
ProQuest document ID
2805287093
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.