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Abstract
Background
Social cognition refers to all mental operations to decipher information needed in social interactions. Here we aimed to outline the socio-cognitive profile of Chronic Migraine with Medication Overuse (CM + MO), given they are recognized to be at risk of socio-cognitive difficulties. Given the multidimensionality of this construct, we considered: (1) socio-cognitive abilities, (2) socio-cognitive beliefs, (3) alexithymia and autism traits, and (4) social relationships.
Methods
Seventy-one patients suffering from CM + MO, 61 from episodic migraine (EM), and 80 healthy controls (HC) were assessed with a comprehensive battery: (1) the Faux Pas test (FP), the Strange Stories task (SS), the Reading Mind in the Eyes test (RMET), (2) the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, (3) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, (4) the Lubben Social Network Scale, the Friendship Scale.
Results
CM + MO: (1) performed similar to EM but worse than HC in the FP and SS, while they were worse than EM and HC in the RMET; (2) were similar to EM and HC in social intelligence; (3) had more alexithymic/autistic traits than EM and HC; (4) reported higher levels of contact with their family members but felt little support from the people around them than HC.
Conclusions
CM + MO results characterized by a profile of compromised socio-cognitive abilities that affects different dimensions. These findings may have a relevant role in multiple fields related to chronic headache: from the assessment to the management.
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Details
1 Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy (GRID:grid.460893.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 9332 2788); IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.419416.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 3107)
2 University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.8982.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1762 5736)
3 IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.419416.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 3107)
4 IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.419416.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 3107); University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.8982.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1762 5736)