Effects of high-strength plastic mulch film application on cotton production and residual plastic film recovery

Abstract

为探讨高强度地膜对棉花生产和地膜回收的影响，于2020年在新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔市棉花地对4种不同配方的高强度PE地膜和1种传统PE地膜进行实地测试，统计分析不同地膜覆盖棉花的种植及生产性状，并对使用后的残留地膜进行回收。结果表明：高强度地膜能够明显提高棉田0~5 cm土层的土壤温度，且其透湿量为20.7~35.7 g·m^-2·d^-1，显著低于传统PE地膜，具有良好的增温保墒功能。高强度地膜覆盖显著增加了棉花出苗率和真叶长出率（P<0.05），较传统PE地膜更利于棉花的生长和产量的提高，增产率为3.1%~4.7%。除此之外，高强度地膜在使用前后拉伸负荷和断裂标称应变指数整体上均高于传统PE地膜，更有利于地膜的回收，一次性机械加人工回收率高于83%，具有较高的经济效益。研究表明：高强度地膜在新疆棉田具有较好的增温保墒作用，较传统地膜更利于棉花的生长和发育，且回收效率和回收后的残膜再利用率均较高，具有很好的综合效益，但高强度地膜在更广泛区域和作物上的应用仍需进一步评估和确认。

1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China

2. College of mechanical and electrical engineering, Tarim University,Alar 843300,China) Abstract:To assess the effects of high-strength plastic mulch film application on cotton production and residual film recovery,field tests were conducted using four different types of high-strength mulch films,and one type of traditional PE mulch film in the cotton fields of Alar City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in 2020. The planting and production characteristics of cotton treated with different plastic films mulching were analyzed during the growing period of the crop,and the residual plastic film was recycled thereafter. The results revealed that high-strength mulch film significantly increased the soil temperature in 0~5 cm soil layer of cotton field. Moreover,their water vapor transmission rate was around 20.7~35.7 g·m^-2·d^-1,which was significantly lower than that of the traditional PE mulch film(P< 0.05),and it reduced the soil moisture loss and exhibited a better function through increasing the soil temperature and preserving the soil moisture. Compared with the traditional PE film mulching,the high-strength mulch films significantly increased the rate of seedling emergence and leaf growth(P<0.05),and were more beneficial for the growth and yield of cotton,thereby,leading to an increase in the yield rate by 3.1%~4.7%. In addition,high-strength mulch film exhibited higher recovery rate and economic benefit than the traditional PE mulch film,as their mechanical and artificial recovery rate were higher than 83%. High-strength mulch film with higher mechanical properties and recovery efficiency is more conducive to the growth and development of cotton than the traditional PE mulch film,as it exerts a higher comprehensive benefit. However,it is still necessary to evaluate and validate the application of high-strength mulch films to a wide range of areas and crops.