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Abstract
Frailty, as measured by the modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5), and older age are associated with increased mortality in the setting of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is limited evidence demonstrating an incremental prognostic value derived from patient mFI-5. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate in-hospital mortality among adult complete cervical SCI patients at participating centers of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program from 2010 to 2018. Logistic regression was used to model in-hospital mortality, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of regression models with age, mFI-5, or age with mFI-5 was used to compare the prognostic value of each model. 4733 patients were eligible. We found that both age (80 y versus 60 y: OR 3.59 95% CI [2.82 4.56], P < 0.001) and mFI-5 (score ≥ 2 versus < 2: OR 1.53 95% CI [1.19 1.97], P < 0.001) had statistically significant associations with in-hospital mortality. There was no significant difference in the AUROC of a model including age and mFI-5 when compared to a model including age without mFI-5 (95% CI Δ AUROC [− 8.72 × 10–4 0.82], P = 0.199). Both models were superior to a model including mFI-5 without age (95% CI Δ AUROC [0.06 0.09], P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that mFI-5 provides minimal incremental prognostic value over age with respect to in-hospital mortality for patients complete cervical SCI.
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1 University of Toronto, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938); St. Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.415502.7); St. Michael’s Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.415502.7); University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
2 St. Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.415502.7)
3 St. Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.415502.7); University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
4 St. Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.415502.7); University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938); St. Michael’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.415502.7); University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)