Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.

Details

Title
Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
Author
Azevedo, Flavio 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pavlović, Tomislav 2 ; Rêgo, Gabriel G. 3 ; Ay, F. Ceren 4 ; Gjoneska, Biljana 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Etienne, Tom W. 6 ; Ross, Robert M. 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Schönegger, Philipp 8 ; Riaño-Moreno, Julián C. 9 ; Cichocka, Aleksandra 10   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Capraro, Valerio 11 ; Cian, Luca 12 ; Longoni, Chiara 13 ; Chan, Ho Fai 14   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Van Bavel, Jay J. 15   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sjåstad, Hallgeir 16 ; Nezlek, John B. 17 ; Alfano, Mark 18 ; Gelfand, Michele J. 19 ; Birtel, Michèle D. 20 ; Cislak, Aleksandra 21 ; Lockwood, Patricia L. 22   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Abts, Koen 23 ; Agadullina, Elena 24 ; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon 25 ; Besharati, Sahba Nomvula 26 ; Bor, Alexander 27   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Choma, Becky L. 28 ; Crabtree, Charles David 29   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Cunningham, William A. 30 ; De, Koustav 31 ; Ejaz, Waqas 32 ; Elbaek, Christian T. 33   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Findor, Andrej 34 ; Flichtentrei, Daniel 35 ; Franc, Renata 2 ; Gruber, June 36 ; Gualda, Estrella 37 ; Horiuchi, Yusaku 29   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Huynh, Toan Luu Duc 38 ; Ibanez, Agustin 39   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Imran, Mostak Ahamed 40 ; Israelashvili, Jacob 41 ; Jasko, Katarzyna 42 ; Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw 43   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena 44 ; Krouwel, André 45 ; Laakasuo, Michael 46 ; Lamm, Claus 47   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Leygue, Caroline 48 ; Lin, Ming-Jen 49 ; Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir 50 ; Marie, Antoine 27   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mayiwar, Lewend 51 ; Mazepus, Honorata 52 ; McHugh, Cillian 53   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Minda, John Paul 54 ; Mitkidis, Panagiotis 55 ; Olsson, Andreas 56 ; Otterbring, Tobias 57   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Packer, Dominic J. 58 ; Perry, Anat 41   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Petersen, Michael Bang 27 ; Puthillam, Arathy 59 ; Rothmund, Tobias 60   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Santamaría-García, Hernando 61 ; Schmid, Petra C. 62   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Stoyanov, Drozdstoy 63 ; Tewari, Shruti 64 ; Todosijević, Bojan 65   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tsakiris, Manos 66 ; Tung, Hans H. 67   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Umbres, Radu G. 68 ; Vanags, Edmunds 69 ; Vlasceanu, Madalina 70 ; Vonasch, Andrew 71 ; Yucel, Meltem 72   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Zhang, Yucheng 73 ; Abad, Mohcine 74 ; Adler, Eli 41 ; Akrawi, Narin 75 ; Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui 76 ; Amara, Hanane 77 ; Amodio, David M. 78 ; Antazo, Benedict G. 79 ; Apps, Matthew 80 ; Ba, Mouhamadou Hady 81 ; Barbosa, Sergio 82 ; Bastian, Brock 83 ; Berg, Anton 46   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bernal-Zárate, Maria P. 84 ; Bernstein, Michael 85 ; Białek, Michał 86   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bilancini, Ennio 87 ; Bogatyreva, Natalia 24 ; Boncinelli, Leonardo 88 ; Booth, Jonathan E. 89 ; Borau, Sylvie 90 ; Buchel, Ondrej 91 ; Cameron, C. Daryl 92 ; Carvalho, Chrissie F. 93 ; Celadin, Tatiana 94 ; Cerami, Chiara 95 ; Chalise, Hom Nath 50 ; Cheng, Xiaojun 96 ; Cockcroft, Kate 26 ; Conway, Jane 97 ; Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres 61 ; Crespi, Chiara 98 ; Crouzevialle, Marie 62 ; Cutler, Jo 22   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Cypryańska, Marzena 21 ; Dabrowska, Justyna 99 ; Daniels, Michael A. 100 ; Davis, Victoria H. 30 ; Dayley, Pamala N. 101 ; Delouvée, Sylvain 102 ; Denkovski, Ognjan 103 ; Dezecache, Guillaume 104 ; Dhaliwal, Nathan A. 100 ; Diato, Alelie B. 105 ; Di Paolo, Roberto 87   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Drosinou, Marianna 46 ; Dulleck, Uwe 106   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ekmanis, Jānis 69 ; Ertan, Arhan S. 107   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Farhana, Hapsa Hossain 40 ; Farkhari, Fahima 60 ; Farmer, Harry 20 ; Fenwick, Ali 108 ; Fidanovski, Kristijan 109 ; Flew, Terry 110   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fraser, Shona 111 ; Frempong, Raymond Boadi 112   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fugelsang, Jonathan A. 113 ; Gale, Jessica 71 ; Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña 114 ; Garladinne, Prasad 64 ; Ghajjou, Oussama 115 ; Gkinopoulos, Theofilos 116 ; Gray, Kurt 117   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Griffin, Siobhán M. 53   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Gronfeldt, Bjarki 10 ; Gümren, Mert 118 ; Gurung, Ranju Lama 50 ; Halperin, Eran 41 ; Harris, Elizabeth 15 ; Herzon, Volo 46 ; Hruška, Matej 34 ; Huang, Guanxiong 119 ; Hudecek, Matthias F. C. 120 ; Isler, Ozan 14 ; Jangard, Simon 56 ; Jorgensen, Frederik J. 27 ; Kachanoff, Frank 117 ; Kahn, John 29 ; Dangol, Apsara Katuwal 50 ; Keudel, Oleksandra 121 ; Koppel, Lina 122 ; Koverola, Mika 46 ; Kubin, Emily 123 ; Kunnari, Anton 46 ; Kutiyski, Yordan 124 ; Laguna, Oscar Moreda 124 ; Leota, Josh 125 ; Lermer, Eva 126   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Levy, Jonathan 127 ; Levy, Neil 18 ; Li, Chunyun 89 ; Long, Elizabeth U. 30 ; Maglić, Marina 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; McCashin, Darragh 128 ; Metcalf, Alexander L. 129 ; Mikloušić, Igor 2 ; El Mimouni, Soulaimane 130 ; Miura, Asako 131 ; Molina-Paredes, Juliana 61 ; Monroy-Fonseca, César 132   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Morales-Marente, Elena 114 ; Moreau, David 133 ; Muda, Rafał 134 ; Myer, Annalisa 135 ; Nash, Kyle 125 ; Nesh-Nash, Tarik 136 ; Nitschke, Jonas P. 47 ; Nurse, Matthew S. 137 ; Ohtsubo, Yohsuke 138 ; de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo 30 ; O’Madagain, Cathal 139 ; Onderco, Michal 140 ; Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad 114 ; Palomöki, Jussi 46 ; Pan, Yafeng 56   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Papp, Zsófia 141   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Pärnamets, Philip 56   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola 142 ; Pavlović, Zoran 143 ; Payán-Gómez, César 144 ; Perander, Silva 46 ; Pitman, Michael Mark 26 ; Prasad, Rajib 145 ; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna 146 ; Rathje, Steve 147 ; Raza, Ali 148 ; Rhee, Kasey 149 ; Robertson, Claire E. 15 ; Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván 114 ; Saikkonen, Teemu 150 ; Salvador-Ginez, Octavio 48 ; Santi, Gaia C. 151 ; Santiago-Tovar, Natalia 152 ; Savage, David 153 ; Scheffer, Julian A. 154 ; Schultner, David T. 103 ; Schutte, Enid M. 26 ; Scott, Andy 125 ; Sharma, Madhavi 50 ; Sharma, Pujan 50 ; Skali, Ahmed 155 ; Stadelmann, David 112 ; Stafford, Clara Alexandra 156 ; Stanojević, Dragan 157 ; Stefaniak, Anna 158 ; Sternisko, Anni 15 ; Stoica, Augustin 159 ; Stoyanova, Kristina K. 160 ; Strickland, Brent 161 ; Sundvall, Jukka 46 ; Thomas, Jeffrey P. 83 ; Tinghög, Gustav 122 ; Torgler, Benno 162   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Traast, Iris J. 103 ; Tucciarelli, Raffaele 163 ; Tyrala, Michael 164 ; Ungson, Nick D. 165 ; Uysal, Mete S. 166 ; Van Lange, Paul A. M. 167   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; van Prooijen, Jan-Willem 167 ; van Rooy, Dirk 168 ; Västfjäll, Daniel 169 ; Verkoeijen, Peter 170 ; Vieira, Joana B. 56 ; von Sikorski, Christian 171 ; Walker, Alexander Cameron 113 ; Watermeyer, Jennifer 172 ; Wetter, Erik 173 ; Whillans, Ashley 174 ; White, Katherine 100 ; Habib, Rishad 175 ; Willardt, Robin 62 ; Wohl, Michael J. A. 158 ; Wójcik, Adrian Dominik 176   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wu, Kaidi 177 ; Yamada, Yuki 178   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yilmaz, Onurcan 179 ; Yogeeswaran, Kumar 71   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa 60 ; Zwaan, Rolf A. 170 ; Boggio, Paulo S. 3 ; Sampaio, Waldir M. 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, England (GRID:grid.5335.0) (ISNI:0000000121885934); Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Communication Science, Jena, Germany (GRID:grid.9613.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 1939 2794) 
 Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, Croatia (GRID:grid.435503.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0696 7616) 
 Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.412403.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2359 5252) 
 Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics, Bergen, Norway (GRID:grid.424606.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 9809 2820); Telenor Research, Oslo, Norway (GRID:grid.28526.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0401 8398) 
 Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia (GRID:grid.419383.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2183 7908) 
 Kieskompas - Election Compass, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.419383.4); University of Pennsylvania, Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication, Philadelphia, USA (GRID:grid.25879.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8972) 
 Macquarie University, Department of Psychology, Sydney, Australia (GRID:grid.1004.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2158 5405) 
 University of St Andrews, Department of Philosophy, St Andrews, Scotland (GRID:grid.11914.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0721 1626); University of St Andrews, School of Economics and Finance, St Andrews, Scotland (GRID:grid.11914.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0721 1626) 
 Cooperative University of Colombia, Medicine Faculty, Villavicencio, Colombia (GRID:grid.442158.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2300 1573); El Bosque University, Department of Bioethics, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.412195.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1761 4447) 
10  University of Kent, School of Psychology, Canterbury, England (GRID:grid.9759.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2232 2818) 
11  Middlesex University London, Department of Economics, London, England (GRID:grid.15822.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0710 330X) 
12  University of Virginia, Darden School of Business, Charlottesville, USA (GRID:grid.27755.32) (ISNI:0000 0000 9136 933X) 
13  Boston University, Questrom School of Business, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558) 
14  Queensland University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953); Queensland University of Technology, Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953) 
15  New York University, Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753) 
16  Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Strategy and Management, Bergen, Norway (GRID:grid.424606.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 9809 2820) 
17  SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.433893.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2184 0541); College of William and Mary, Department of Psychological Sciences, Williamsburg, USA (GRID:grid.264889.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 1940 3051) 
18  Macquarie University, Department of Philosophy, Sydney, Australia (GRID:grid.1004.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2158 5405) 
19  Stanford University, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
20  University of Greenwich, School of Human Sciences, Institute for Lifecourse Development, London, England (GRID:grid.36316.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 0806 5472) 
21  SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.433893.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2184 0541) 
22  University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, England (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948); University of Birmingham, Center for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, Birmingham, England (GRID:grid.6572.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7486) 
23  KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (GRID:grid.5596.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0668 7884) 
24  National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia (GRID:grid.410682.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0578 2005) 
25  De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines (GRID:grid.411987.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2153 4317) 
26  University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Psychology, Johannesburg, South Africa (GRID:grid.11951.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1135) 
27  Aarhus University, Department of Political Science, Aarhus, Denmark (GRID:grid.7048.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 1956 2722) 
28  Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.7048.b) 
29  Dartmouth College, Department of Government, Hanover, USA (GRID:grid.254880.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 2404) 
30  University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938) 
31  University of Kentucky, Gatton College of Business and Economics, Lexington, USA (GRID:grid.266539.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8438) 
32  National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Department of Mass Communication, Islamabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412117.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2234 2376) 
33  Aarhus University, Department of Management, Aarhus, Denmark (GRID:grid.7048.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 1956 2722) 
34  Comenius University, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (GRID:grid.7634.6) (ISNI:0000000109409708) 
35  IntraMed, Buenos Aires, Argentina (GRID:grid.7634.6) 
36  University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA (GRID:grid.266190.a) (ISNI:0000000096214564) 
37  ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain (GRID:grid.18803.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1769 8134); University of Huelva, Faculty of Social Work, Huelva, Spain (GRID:grid.18803.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1769 8134) 
38  WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar, Germany (GRID:grid.454339.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0508 6675) 
39  Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Santiago, Chile (GRID:grid.440617.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 5606); University of San Andrés, Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Buenos Aires, Argentina (GRID:grid.441741.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2325 2241); University of California San Francisco (UCSF), California, US; & Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705) 
40  University of Dhaka, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Dhaka, Bangladesh (GRID:grid.8198.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 1498 6059) 
41  The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Psychology, Jerusalem, Israel (GRID:grid.9619.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0538) 
42  Jagiellonian University, Institute of Psychology, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.5522.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 9631) 
43  Leiden University, Institute of Security and Global Affairs, The Hague, Netherlands (GRID:grid.5132.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2312 1970) 
44  Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Law, Rotterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.6906.9) (ISNI:0000000092621349) 
45  Vrije University (VU) Amsterdam, Department of Political Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.12380.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1754 9227) 
46  University of Helsinki, Department of Digital Humanities, Helsinki, Finland (GRID:grid.7737.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 0410 2071) 
47  University of Vienna, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Vienna, Austria (GRID:grid.10420.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2286 1424) 
48  National Autonomous University of Mexico, School of Psychology, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.9486.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2159 0001) 
49  National Taiwan University, Department of Economics, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241); National Taiwan University, Center for Research in Econometric Theory and Applications, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241) 
50  Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal (GRID:grid.80817.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2114 6728) 
51  BI Norwegian Business School, Department of Leadership and Organizational Behavior, Oslo, Norway (GRID:grid.413074.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2361 9429) 
52  Leiden University, Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden, Netherlands (GRID:grid.5132.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2312 1970); Leiden University, Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, Leiden, Netherlands (GRID:grid.5132.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2312 1970) 
53  University of Limerick, Department of Psychology, Limerick, Ireland (GRID:grid.10049.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9692) 
54  The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, London, Canada (GRID:grid.39381.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8884) 
55  Aarhus University, Department of Management, Aarhus, Denmark (GRID:grid.7048.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 1956 2722); Duke University, Center for Advanced Hindsight, Durham, USA (GRID:grid.26009.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7961) 
56  Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Solna, Sweden (GRID:grid.4714.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0626) 
57  University of Agder, Department of Management, Kristiansand, Norway (GRID:grid.23048.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0417 6230); Institute of Retail Economics, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.451697.8) 
58  Lehigh University, Department of Psychology, Bethlehem, USA (GRID:grid.259029.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 746X) 
59  Monk Prayogshala, Department of Psychology, Mumbai, India (GRID:grid.7048.b) 
60  Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Communication Science, Jena, Germany (GRID:grid.9613.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 1939 2794) 
61  Pontifical Javeriana University, Faculty of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.41312.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 1033 6040) 
62  Technology, and Economics, ETH Zürich, Department of Management, Zürich, Switzerland (GRID:grid.5801.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 2780) 
63  Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria (GRID:grid.35371.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 0726 0380) 
64  Indian Institute of Management, Humanities and Social Sciences, Indore, India (GRID:grid.466775.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1535 7334) 
65  Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia (GRID:grid.501788.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2186 1414) 
66  University of London, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, London, England (GRID:grid.4464.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2161 2573); University of London, Center for the Politics of Feelings, School of Advanced Study, London, England (GRID:grid.4464.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2161 2573); University of Luxembourg, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg (GRID:grid.16008.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2295 9843) 
67  National Taiwan University, Center for Research in Econometric Theory and Applications, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241); National Taiwan University, Department of Political Science, Taipei, Taiwan (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241) 
68  National School for Political Studies and Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science, Bucharest, Romania (GRID:grid.436422.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 4337) 
69  University of Latvia, Department of Psychology, Riga, Latvia (GRID:grid.9845.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0775 3222) 
70  Princeton University, Department of Psychology, Princeton, USA (GRID:grid.16750.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 5006) 
71  University of Canterbury, Department of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, Christchurch, New Zealand (GRID:grid.21006.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 4063) 
72  Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, USA (GRID:grid.26009.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7961); University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, Charlottesville, USA (GRID:grid.27755.32) (ISNI:0000 0000 9136 933X) 
73  Hebei University of Technology, School of Economics and Management, Tianjin, PR China (GRID:grid.412030.4) (ISNI:0000 0000 9226 1013) 
74  Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco (GRID:grid.412030.4) 
75  Institute for Research and Development-Kurdistan, Middle East, Iraq (GRID:grid.9619.7) 
76  Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco (GRID:grid.9619.7) 
77  Impact For Development, North Africa, Rabat, Morocco (GRID:grid.9619.7) 
78  New York University, Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.7177.6) (ISNI:0000000084992262) 
79  Jose Rizal University, Department of Psychology, Mandaluyong, Philippines (GRID:grid.443138.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0433 3072) 
80  University of Birmingham, Center for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, Birmingham, England (GRID:grid.6572.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7486) 
81  University Cheikh Anta Diop, Department of Philosophy, Dakar, Senegal (GRID:grid.8191.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2186 9619) 
82  University of Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.412191.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2205 5940); University of Rosario, Moral Psychology and Decision Sciences Research Incubator, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.412191.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2205 5940) 
83  University of Melbourne, School of Psychological Sciences, Parkville, Australia (GRID:grid.1008.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 088X) 
84  Cooperative University of Colombia, Medicine Faculty, Villavicencio, Colombia (GRID:grid.442158.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2300 1573) 
85  Penn State Abington, Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, Abington, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281) 
86  University of Wrocław, Institute of Psychology, Wrocław, Poland (GRID:grid.8505.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 1010 5103) 
87  IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy (GRID:grid.462365.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1790 9464) 
88  University of Florence, Department of Economics and Management, Florence, Italy (GRID:grid.8404.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2304) 
89  London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Management, London, England (GRID:grid.13063.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 0789 5319) 
90  University of Toulouse, Toulouse Business School, Toulouse, France (GRID:grid.508721.9) 
91  Family and Social Affairs of the Slovak Republic, Social Policy Institute of the Ministry of Labor, Bratislava, Slovakia (GRID:grid.508721.9); The Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (GRID:grid.511133.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2186 7541) 
92  Penn State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281); Penn State University, Rock Ethics Institute, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281) 
93  Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Psychology, Florianópolis, Brazil (GRID:grid.411237.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 7235) 
94  University of Bologna, Department of Economics, Bologna, Italy (GRID:grid.6292.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 1758) 
95  Institute for Advanced Study of Pavia, IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.30420.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 0724 054X); Neurological Institute Foundation Casimiro Mondino, Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.419416.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 3107) 
96  Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, PR China (GRID:grid.263488.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0472 9649) 
97  Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France (GRID:grid.22147.32) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 2837) 
98  Neurological Institute Foundation Casimiro Mondino, Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.419416.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 3107); University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.8982.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1762 5736) 
99  Cracow University of Economics, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.435880.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0729 0088) 
100  University of British Columbia, UBC Sauder School of Business, Vancouver, Canada (GRID:grid.17091.3e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2288 9830) 
101  University of California - Los Angeles, Psychology Department, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718) 
102  Rennes 2 University, Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior, and Communication (LP3C), Rennes, France (GRID:grid.19006.3e) 
103  University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.7177.6) (ISNI:0000000084992262) 
104  Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, Laboratory of Social and Cognitive Psychology, Clermont-Ferrand, France (GRID:grid.494717.8) (ISNI:0000000115480420) 
105  Cavite State University-General Trias City Campus, Cavite, Philippines (GRID:grid.443090.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2073 1861) 
106  Queensland University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953); Queensland University of Technology, Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953); Australian National University, Crawford School of Public Policy, Canberra, Australia (GRID:grid.1001.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 7477); CESifo, University of Munich, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.469877.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 0846) 
107  Boğaziçi University, Department of International Trade, Istanbul, Turkey (GRID:grid.11220.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 2253 9056) 
108  Hult International Business School Dubai, Dubai, UAE (GRID:grid.36316.31) 
109  University of Oxford, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford, England (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948) 
110  University of Sydney, Department of Media and Communications, Sydney, Australia (GRID:grid.1013.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 834X) 
111  University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Psychiatry, Johannesburg, South Africa (GRID:grid.11951.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1135) 
112  University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (GRID:grid.7384.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0467 6972) 
113  University of Waterloo, Department of Psychology, Waterloo, Canada (GRID:grid.46078.3d) (ISNI:0000 0000 8644 1405) 
114  ESEIS/COIDESO [ESEIS, Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center; COIDESO, COIDESO, Center for Research in Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development], University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain (GRID:grid.18803.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1769 8134) 
115  University of Bradford, Department of Peace Studies, Bradford, England (GRID:grid.6268.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0379 5283) 
116  Philosophy and Social Studies Department, Rethymno, Greece (GRID:grid.6268.a) 
117  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, USA (GRID:grid.10698.36) (ISNI:0000000122483208) 
118  Koc University, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey (GRID:grid.15876.3d) (ISNI:0000000106887552) 
119  City University of Hong Kong, Department of Media and Communication, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong (GRID:grid.35030.35) (ISNI:0000 0004 1792 6846) 
120  University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (GRID:grid.7727.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 5763) 
121  Free University of Berlin, Graduate School for Transnational Studies, Berlin, Germany (GRID:grid.14095.39) (ISNI:0000 0000 9116 4836) 
122  Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping, Sweden (GRID:grid.5640.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 9922) 
123  University of Koblenz-Landau, Department of Psychology, Landau, Germany (GRID:grid.5892.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0087 7257) 
124  Kieskompas - Election Compass, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.7737.4) 
125  University of Alberta, Department of Psychology, Edmonton, Canada (GRID:grid.17089.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 316X) 
126  Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.5252.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 973X); Augsburg University for Applied Sciences, Augsburg, Germany (GRID:grid.440970.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9922 6093) 
127  Reichman University, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Herzliya, Israel (GRID:grid.21166.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 0604 8611); Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland (GRID:grid.5373.2) (ISNI:0000000108389418) 
128  Dublin City University, School of Psychology, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.15596.3e) (ISNI:0000000102380260) 
129  University of Montana, Missoula, USA (GRID:grid.253613.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2192 5772) 
130  Impact For Development, North Africa, Rabat, Morocco (GRID:grid.435503.4) 
131  Osaka University, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Suita, Japan (GRID:grid.136593.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0373 3971) 
132  SEELE Neuroscience, Mexico City, Mexico (GRID:grid.41312.35) 
133  University of Auckland, School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand (GRID:grid.9654.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3343) 
134  Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Faculty of Economics, Lublin, Poland (GRID:grid.29328.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1303) 
135  University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, Charlottesville, USA (GRID:grid.27755.32) (ISNI:0000 0000 9136 933X); The City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, New York, USA (GRID:grid.212340.6) (ISNI:0000000122985718) 
136  Impact For Development, North Africa, Rabat, Morocco (GRID:grid.17089.37) 
137  Australian National University, Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Canberra, Australia (GRID:grid.1001.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 7477) 
138  University of Tokyo, Department of Social Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X) 
139  Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco (GRID:grid.17063.33) 
140  Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Rotterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.6906.9) (ISNI:0000000092621349) 
141  Hungarian Academy of Sciences Center of Excellence, Center for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (GRID:grid.5018.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2149 4407) 
142  University of Silesia, Institute of Psychology, Katowice, Poland (GRID:grid.11866.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 2259 4135); Complutense University in Madrid, Madrid, Spain (GRID:grid.4795.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 7667) 
143  University of Belgrade, Department of Psychology, Belgrade, Serbia (GRID:grid.7149.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 9385) 
144  Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz, Colombia (GRID:grid.10689.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 0286 3748) 
145  Vidyasagar College For Women, Kolkata, India (GRID:grid.59056.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0664 9773) 
146  AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.9922.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9174 1488) 
147  University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, England (GRID:grid.5335.0) (ISNI:0000000121885934) 
148  University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Computer Science, Boulder, USA (GRID:grid.266190.a) (ISNI:0000000096214564); University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Cognitive Science, Boulder, USA (GRID:grid.266190.a) (ISNI:0000000096214564) 
149  Stanford University, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
150  University of Turku, Department of Biology, Turku, Finland (GRID:grid.1374.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 1371) 
151  Institute for Advanced Study of Pavia, IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Pavia, Italy (GRID:grid.30420.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 0724 054X) 
152  Cooperative University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia (GRID:grid.442158.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2300 1573) 
153  University of Newcastle, Newcastle Business School, Callaghan, Australia (GRID:grid.266842.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 8831 109X) 
154  Penn State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281) 
155  University of Groningen, Department of Global Economics and Management, Groningen, Netherlands (GRID:grid.4830.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0407 1981) 
156  The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, London, Canada (GRID:grid.39381.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8884); University of Western Ontario, Brain and Mind Institute, London, Canada (GRID:grid.39381.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8884); University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, London, Canada (GRID:grid.39381.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8884) 
157  University of Belgrade, Department of Sociology, Belgrade, Serbia (GRID:grid.7149.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 9385) 
158  Carleton University, Department of Psychology, Ottawa, Canada (GRID:grid.34428.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 893X) 
159  National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), Bucharest, Romania (GRID:grid.436422.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 4337) 
160  Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv), Division of Translational Neuroscience, Plovdiv, Bulgaria (GRID:grid.35371.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 0726 0380) 
161  Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco (GRID:grid.35371.33); ENS, EHESS, CNRS, Institut Jean Nicod, PSL Research University, Department of Cognitive Science, Paris, France (GRID:grid.4444.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2112 9282) 
162  Queensland University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953); Queensland University of Technology, Center for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953); CREMA - Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Basel, Switzerland (GRID:grid.1024.7) 
163  University of London, The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, London, England (GRID:grid.4464.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2161 2573); University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, England (GRID:grid.83440.3b) (ISNI:0000000121901201) 
164  The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Institute for Emerging Market Studies, Kowloon, Hong Kong (GRID:grid.24515.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1450) 
165  Susquehanna University, Department of Psychology, Selinsgrove, USA (GRID:grid.264414.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 2253) 
166  Dokuz Eylül University, Psychology Department, İzmir, Turkey (GRID:grid.21200.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2183 9022) 
167  VU Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.12380.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1754 9227) 
168  University of Antwerp, Faculty of Design Sciences, Antwerpen, Belgium (GRID:grid.5284.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0790 3681) 
169  Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning (IBL), Linköping, Sweden (GRID:grid.5640.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 9922) 
170  Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Rotterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.6906.9) (ISNI:0000000092621349) 
171  University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany (GRID:grid.5892.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0087 7257) 
172  University of the Witwatersrand, Health Communication Research Unit, School of Human and Community Development, Johannesburg, South Africa (GRID:grid.11951.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1135) 
173  Stockholm School of Economics, Department of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (GRID:grid.419684.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 1214 1861) 
174  Harvard University, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, USA (GRID:grid.38142.3c) (ISNI:000000041936754X) 
175  Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17091.3e) 
176  Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland (GRID:grid.5374.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0943 6490) 
177  University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA (GRID:grid.266100.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 4242) 
178  Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849) 
179  Kadir Has University, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey (GRID:grid.28455.3e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2116 8564) 
Pages
272
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20524463
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2812330309
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.