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Abstract
Oil-impregnated porous polyimide (iPPI) materials are usually used as retainer for bearings. In these bearings, balls and rings, balls and retainers are two different kinds of contact. In this paper, the friction and wear properties of iPPI were investigated using steel (disc)—steel (ball)—iPPI (pin) double-contact friction test rig for simulating the actual contact in bearings. The results show that compared with that of iPPI—steel single contact, the friction coefficient of iPPI—steel in double contacts is lower and decreases with the amount of additional oil. The surface of iPPI in single contact suffers more wear compared with that in double contacts. Different from single contact, the worn surfaces of iPPI in double contacts are blackened. The Raman spectra of worn surfaces of balls and discs indicate that α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were formed during rubbing of the double contacts. Many nanoscale iron oxide particles are found on the worn surfaces of iPPI in double contacts; on the contrary, few particles could be found on the surface in single contact. In double-contact friction, the nanoscale wear debris penetrates inside the iPPI material through the process of extruding and recycling of oil, which is the mechanism of the blackening of the iPPI worn surfaces. The studies show that the double-contact friction method is a new and effective method to study the friction in bearings, especially for those with polymer retainer.
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1 Ningbo University, School of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.203507.3) (ISNI:0000 0000 8950 5267); Healthy & Intelligent Kitchen Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.203507.3)
2 Ningbo University, School of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.203507.3) (ISNI:0000 0000 8950 5267)
3 Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Long-life Technology of Precise Rotation and Transmission Mechanisms, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.464215.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0243 138X)
4 Ningbo University, School of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.203507.3) (ISNI:0000 0000 8950 5267); Ningbo University, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.203507.3) (ISNI:0000 0000 8950 5267)
5 Healthy & Intelligent Kitchen Engineering Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.203507.3)
6 Southwest Petroleum University, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu, China (GRID:grid.437806.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0644 5828)