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© 2023. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Introduction Osteosarcoma (OS) or primary bone cancer is the most common type of bone cancer in children and young adolescents, only after lymphoma and brain cancer.1,2 Surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of the two are common strategies for treatment.3,4 Chemotherapeutic agents and their unfavorable side effects have been the subject of studies for decades and have not yet been addressed properly.5,6 Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common chemotherapeutic agent that intercalates with double-strand DNAs of cancer cells and disrupts its replication process. [...]it negatively affects the normal cells in the heart, liver, kidney, and brain.7,8 Multidrug resistance, poor solubility of drugs, and narrow therapeutic windows are other common problems of traditional cancer medications.9,10 To solve these problems, various nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been developed, in which drugs loading into/onto the nanocarriers.1117 Numerous organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been developed for the delivery of biological agents.1823 Among these, carbon-based platforms, such as graphene, are quite interesting and have unique features such as extremely high surface area per unit volume, high potential for chemical treatments and surface modifications, and ease of preparation as well as high mechanical and chemical stability.24 Graphene oxide (GO) is a single atomic layer of carbon atoms, with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups on the surface which provides an exceptional opportunity for linking various biologically active components.25,26 Mechanistically GO nanosheets can be internalized through various routes by mammalian cells, spanning a diverse range from micropinocytosis to microtubules dependent pathways as well as phagocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.27 However, in the MG63 OS cell line and other non-phagocytic mammalian cell lines, plasma membrane damage and the production of ROS are the main mechanisms of toxicity by GO and its derivatives. The solid tumors micro environment has acidic pH due to the high rate of glycolysis and great lactic acid generation.28 Targeted therapy could employ this feature of cancer cells to deliver therapeutic agents to the tumor microenvironment. [...]the product was freeze-dried to avoid GO aggregation.31 Preparation ofTris-GO (TRIS-GO) For surface functionalization of GO, 3.0 g of TRIS was dissolved in 100 mL dried DMF, and then 1.0 g of GO was added to the solution and stirred for two days at room temperature.

Details

Title
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of pH-sensitive doxorubicin-loaded functionalized graphene oxide in osteosarcoma cells
Author
Alemi, Forough 1 ; Maleki, Masomeh 2 ; Mir, Mostafa 3 ; Ebrahimi-Kalan, Abbas 4 ; Zarei, Mojtaba 5 ; Yousefi, Bahman; Rashtchizadeh, Nadereh

 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran 
 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 
 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 
 Department of Neurosciences and cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 
 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 
Pages
207-218
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
ISSN
22285652
e-ISSN
22285660
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2815186254
Copyright
© 2023. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.