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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Eosinophils are found in pancreatic tissue from individuals with T1D. Eosinophilic suppression of T cells is dependent of the protein galectin-10. Little is known when it comes to the role of eosinophil granulocytes in type 1 diabetes. Here we show that individuals with long-standing T1D had lower levels of galectin-10hi eosinophils and a subgroup of galectin-10hi eosinophils were entirely absent in all T1D patients. In addition, 7% immature eosinophils were present in the circulation of T1D patients whereas 0.8% in healthy individuals. Furthermore, higher levels of CD4+CD8+ T cells and Th17 cells were observed in patients with T1D. Blood samples from 12 adult individuals with long-standing T1D and 12 healthy individuals were compared using cytometry by time-of-flight. Lower levels of galectin-10hi eosinophils, which are potent T cell suppressors, in individuals with T1D could indicate that activated T cells are enabled to unrestrictedly kill the insulin producing beta cells. This is the first study showing absence of galectin-10hi eosinophilic subgroup in individuals with T1D compared with healthy controls. This study is a first important step toward unraveling the role of the eosinophils in patients with T1D.
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1 NU Hospital Group, Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Trollhättan, Sweden (GRID:grid.459843.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0624 0259); Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582)
2 The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582)
3 NU Hospital Group, Department of Medicine, Uddevalla, Trollhättan, Sweden (GRID:grid.459843.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0624 0259); The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.1649.a) (ISNI:000000009445082X)
4 The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.450998.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0438 1242)
5 The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.8761.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9919 9582); Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Göteborg, Sweden (GRID:grid.1649.a) (ISNI:000000009445082X)