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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Simple Summary

In veterinary medicine, methods such as histological grading, immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis of the c-kit gene are tools to assess the prognosis and treatment of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. These methods have not yet been applied and evaluated on a large scale for mast cell tumours of the dog’s toe, as these digital mast cell tumours are considered a subset of the cutaneous forms. Mast cell tumours can be more aggressive at certain sites. Therefore, the aim of this study was to apply these methods to 68 dogs with digital mast cell tumours. Even though only a few digital mast cell tumours were histologically poorly differentiated, more than half had immunohistochemical findings that could indicate an unfavourable prognosis. Mutations in the c-kit gene were found as well. Moreover, French Bulldogs—a breed that tends to develop benign variants at other sites on the skin—were more likely to have poorly differentiated tumours. Although outcome data were not available, the results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of canine mast cell tumours of the toe.

Abstract

Grading, immunohistochemistry and c-kit mutation status are criteria for assessing the prognosis and therapeutic options of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). As a subset, canine digital MCTs have rarely been explored in this context. Therefore, in this retrospective study, 68 paraffin-embedded canine digital MCTs were analysed, and histological grading was assessed according to Patnaik and Kiupel. The immunohistochemical markers KIT and Ki67 were used, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutational screening in c-kit exons 8, 9, 11 and 14. Patnaik grading resulted in 22.1% grade I, 67.6% grade II and 10.3% grade III tumours. Some 86.8% of the digital MCTs were Kiupel low-grade. Aberrant KIT staining patterns II and III were found in 58.8%, and a count of more than 23 Ki67-positive cells in 52.3% of the cases. Both parameters were significantly associated with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in c-kit exon 11 (12.7%). French Bulldogs, which tend to form well-differentiated cutaneous MCTs, had a higher proportion of digital high-grade MCTs and ITD in c-kit exon 11 compared with mongrels. Due to its retrospective nature, this study did not allow for an analysis of survival data. Nevertheless, it may contribute to the targeted characterisation of digital MCTs.

Details

Title
Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Canine Digital Mast Cell Tumours
Author
Conrad, David 1 ; Kehl, Alexandra 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Müller, Tobias 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Klopfleisch, Robert 4 ; Aupperle-Lellbach, Heike 5 

 Department of Pathology, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; [email protected] 
 Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany; [email protected]; Department of Molecular Biology, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany 
 Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; [email protected] 
 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] 
 Department of Pathology, Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; [email protected]; Department of Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany; [email protected] 
First page
1694
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20762615
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2819265412
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.