Batu Tarsilah Sebagai Alat Kebesaran dan Kedaulatan: Salasilah Raja Brunei Dinilai dari Segi Ilmu Nasab Islam

Abstract

Batu Tarsilah merupakan salah satu daripada tiga sumber utama salasilah raja Brunei. Ia adalah batu bersurat dengan catatan tarikh 1221H/1807M sementara dua sumber yang lain ialah riwayat lisan dan dokumen sejarah, termasuk manuskrip Melayu. Tetapi sebagai sumber yang langka, Batu Tarsilah tidak semestinya memberi info yang lengkap. Oleh sebab itu, ia memerlukan unsur lain yang memperkukuh dan memperjelas maklumat sedia ada. Melalui artikel ini, kajian berusaha mentafsir Batu Tarsilah berdasarkan ilmu nasab Islam, khususnya istifadah (اسْتِفَاضَة), bagi mengabsahkan kedaulatan raja Brunei. Hasil analisis komparatif dan kritikan konteks, Batu Tarsilah dianggap sumber terpercaya dalam menentukan status ahl al-bayt raja-raja Melayu. Penghasilannya didahului oleh sumber lisan sebelum ditulis di atas kertas, kemudian diukir pada batu untuk mewakili pandangan rasmi pemerintah Brunei. Batu Tarsilah juga mengabsahkan hubungan kekerabatan raja Brunei dengan ahl al-bayt Rasulullah s.a.w., begitu juga bangsa Quraysh umumnya sekaligus memperakui kedaulatan mereka sebagai pemimpin umat berdasarkan ijma’ para fuqaha. Berdasarkan dapatan ini, maka wajarlah Batu Tarsilah diangkat sebagai simbol kebesaran kerajaan Brunei.

Batu Tarsilah is one of the three main sources of the genealogy of the sultan of Brunei. It is an inscribed stone with notes dated back in 1221H/1807M while the other two sources are oral histories and historical documents including Malay manuscripts. However as a rare source, Batu Tarsilah does not necessarily give complete and comprehensive information. Due to that, it needs other elements to strengthen and clarify the information provided. Through this article, the research will try to interpret Batu Tarsilah based on Islamic genealogy, specifically Istifadah (اسْتِفَاضَة), to reassert the sovereignty of the sultan of Brunei. The outcome of this comparative analysis and context criticism, Batu Tarsilah is considered the most reliable source to determine the status of the ahl al-bayt of Malay sultans. The process is preceded with oral sources first, before it is written on paper followed by carving it on the stone to represent the official view of the government of Brunei. In addition, Batu Tarsilah also reasserts the kinship between the king of Brunei and ahl al-bayt of Rasulullah s.a.w. as well as the Quraysh at the same time certifying their sovereignty as leaders of the people based on the consensus of fuqaha’. Based on these findings, it is right that Batu Tarsilah is taken as a symbol of the greatness of the kingdom of Brunei.