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Abstract
This article presents the first measurement of the differential Z-boson production cross-section in the forward region using proton-lead collisions with the LHCb detector. The dataset was collected at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of
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1 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.420012.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0646 2193)
2 University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.7372.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8809 1613)
3 Universität Zürich, Physik-Institut, Zürich, Switzerland (GRID:grid.7400.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0650)
4 University of Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Liverpool, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.10025.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8470)
5 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (GRID:grid.11794.3a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0941 0645)
6 University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.5337.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7603)
7 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France (GRID:grid.494717.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2173 2882)
8 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France (GRID:grid.462844.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 1657)
9 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 8683 7370)
10 INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.470206.7)
11 University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States (GRID:grid.24827.3b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 9593)
12 Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, Dortmund, Germany (GRID:grid.5675.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0416 9637)
13 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
14 University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.8756.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2193 314X)
15 ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.5841.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0247)
16 University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.5379.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 2407)
17 University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.5335.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 5934)
18 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.8536.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2294 473X)
19 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France (GRID:grid.508754.b); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
20 INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy (GRID:grid.470204.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4148)
21 INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (GRID:grid.470200.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1765 4414)
22 Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States (GRID:grid.264484.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2189 1568)
23 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419)
24 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, Heidelberg, Germany (GRID:grid.7700.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 4373)
25 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France (GRID:grid.5399.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2176 4817)
26 Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France (GRID:grid.463805.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9156 8355)
27 Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (GRID:grid.5333.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2183 9049)
28 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.418228.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0643 8134)
29 INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy (GRID:grid.470204.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4148); Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy (GRID:grid.8404.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2304)
30 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France (GRID:grid.508754.b)
31 Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.7445.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2113 8111)
32 RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany (GRID:grid.1957.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 0728 696X)
33 INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.470216.6); Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.6093.c)
34 Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097)
35 INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.470216.6)
36 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy (GRID:grid.463190.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0648 0236)
37 Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy (GRID:grid.5608.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3470)
38 Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.418860.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0942 8941)
39 Wuhan University, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan, China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2331 6153)
40 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.6572.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7486)
41 Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (GRID:grid.5012.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0481 6099)
42 University of Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Liverpool, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.10025.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8470); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
43 University of Maryland, College Park, United States (GRID:grid.164295.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 0941 7177)
44 INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy (GRID:grid.470195.e)
45 South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, Guangzhou, China (GRID:grid.263785.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 7397)
46 INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (GRID:grid.470200.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1765 4414); Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (GRID:grid.8484.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2064)
47 Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik, Dortmund, Germany (GRID:grid.5675.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0416 9637); LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France (GRID:grid.462844.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 1657)
48 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.470207.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 8390 4143); Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.7563.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 1754)
49 Universitat Ramon Llull, DS4DS, La Salle, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.6162.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 6723)
50 INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (GRID:grid.470193.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 8343 7610); Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (GRID:grid.6292.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 1758)
51 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy (GRID:grid.470219.9)
52 INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy (GRID:grid.470205.4); Università di Genova, Genova, Italy (GRID:grid.5606.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 3065)
53 University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948)
54 Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France (GRID:grid.5388.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2193 5487)
55 Tsinghua University, Center for High Energy Physics, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.12527.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 0662 3178)
56 Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine (GRID:grid.450331.0)
57 Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (GRID:grid.8484.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2064); INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (GRID:grid.470200.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1765 4414)
58 University of Edinburgh, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.4305.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7988)
59 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania (GRID:grid.443874.8) (ISNI:0000 0000 9463 5349)
60 INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy (GRID:grid.470190.b)
61 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States (GRID:grid.116068.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2341 2786)
62 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, United States (GRID:grid.148313.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0428 3079)
63 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.418228.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0643 8134); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras (GRID:grid.10601.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 2829)
64 Hunan University, Physics and Micro Electronic College, Changsha City, China (GRID:grid.67293.39)
65 University of Groningen, Van Swinderen Institute, Groningen, Netherlands (GRID:grid.4830.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0407 1981)
66 INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy (GRID:grid.470190.b); Università di Bari, Bari, Italy (GRID:grid.7644.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0120 3326)
67 INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy (GRID:grid.470195.e); Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.7763.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 3242)
68 Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (GRID:grid.5591.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2294 6276)
69 University College Dublin, School of Physics, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.7886.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0768 2743)
70 INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GRID:grid.470215.5)
71 STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.76978.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2296 6998)
72 Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.1002.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7857)
73 Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden (GRID:grid.8993.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9457)
74 INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (GRID:grid.470193.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 8343 7610)
75 AGH — University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.9922.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9174 1488)
76 University of Edinburgh, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.4305.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7988); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
77 Peking University, School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.11135.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2256 9319)
78 National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland (GRID:grid.450295.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0941 0848)
79 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy (GRID:grid.463190.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0648 0236); Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy (GRID:grid.6530.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2300 0941)
80 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France (GRID:grid.462844.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2308 1657); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
81 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.4839.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2323 852X)
82 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.418228.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0643 8134); Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil (GRID:grid.411281.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0643 8003)
83 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.470207.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 8390 4143)
84 Central China Normal University, Institute of Particle Physics, Wuhan, China (GRID:grid.411407.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1760 2614)
85 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisches Institut, Heidelberg, Germany (GRID:grid.7700.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 4373); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
86 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419); UCAS, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419)
87 Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.1002.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7857); University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.7372.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8809 1613)
88 Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia — CSIC, Valencia, Spain (GRID:grid.470047.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2178 9889)
89 Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419)
90 NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine (GRID:grid.425540.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 9526 3153)
91 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.420012.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0646 2193)
92 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.420012.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0646 2193); Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine (GRID:grid.450331.0)
93 Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.418860.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0942 8941); AGH — University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.9922.0) (ISNI:0000 0000 9174 1488)
94 INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.470216.6); Università di Siena, Siena, Italy (GRID:grid.9024.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 4641)
95 INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.470206.7); Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.4708.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2822)
96 Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China (GRID:grid.418741.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0632 3097); Central South U., Changsha, China (GRID:grid.418741.f)
97 Università degli Studi di Padova, Università e INFN, Padova, Padova, Italy (GRID:grid.5608.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3470); Università di Padova, Padova, Italy (GRID:grid.5608.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3470)
98 Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland (GRID:grid.418860.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0942 8941); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
99 INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GRID:grid.470215.5); Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy (GRID:grid.9027.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3630)
100 INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy (GRID:grid.470218.8)
101 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X); Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.7563.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 1754)
102 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.420012.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0646 2193); Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (GRID:grid.5012.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0481 6099)
103 Universität Bonn — Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (GRID:grid.10388.32) (ISNI:0000 0001 2240 3300); Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.510544.1)
104 Universität Bonn — Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany (GRID:grid.10388.32) (ISNI:0000 0001 2240 3300)
105 Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France (GRID:grid.5388.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2193 5487); Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (GRID:grid.7763.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 3242); INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy (GRID:grid.470195.e)
106 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.470207.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 8390 4143); Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy (GRID:grid.7563.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 1754); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
107 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
108 INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.470216.6); Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy (GRID:grid.5395.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3729)
109 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.420012.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0646 2193); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
110 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica, Bogota, Colombia (GRID:grid.10689.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 9129 0751)
111 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy (GRID:grid.470219.9); Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy (GRID:grid.6530.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2300 0941)
112 INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy (GRID:grid.470218.8); Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy (GRID:grid.7367.5) (ISNI:0000000119391302)
113 Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany (GRID:grid.419604.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2288 6103)
114 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy (GRID:grid.463190.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0648 0236); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
115 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands (GRID:grid.420012.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0646 2193); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9132.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 142X)
116 INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy (GRID:grid.470204.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4148); Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy (GRID:grid.12711.34) (ISNI:0000 0001 2369 7670)
117 University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom (GRID:grid.7372.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 8809 1613); Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.1002.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7857)