Abstract

Here, we investigated the brain functional connectivity (FC) changes following a novel accelerated theta burst stimulation protocol known as Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) which demonstrated significant antidepressant efficacy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In a sample of 24 patients (12 active and 12 sham), active stimulation was associated with significant pre- and post-treatment modulation of three FC pairs, involving the default mode network (DMN), amygdala, salience network (SN) and striatum. The most robust finding was the SNT effect on amygdala-DMN FC (group*time interaction F(1,22) = 14.89, p < 0.001). This FC change correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms (rho (Spearman) = −0.45, df = 22, p = 0.026). The post-treatment FC pattern showed a change in the direction of the healthy control group and was sustained at the one-month follow-up. These results are consistent with amygdala-DMN connectivity dysfunction as an underlying mechanism of TRD and bring us closer to the goal of developing imaging biomarkers for TMS treatment optimization.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03068715

Details

Title
Network effects of Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: a randomized, controlled trial
Author
Batail, Jean-Marie 1 ; Xiao, Xiaoqian 2 ; Azeez, Azeezat 2 ; Tischler, Claudia 3 ; Kratter, Ian H. 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bishop, James H. 5 ; Saggar, Manish 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Williams, Nolan R. 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

1  Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, USA; Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France (GRID:grid.488406.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9139 4930) 
2  Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.488406.6) 
3  Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA (GRID:grid.39382.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2160 926X) 
4  Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.39382.33); Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
5  Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) 
6  Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
7  Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e); Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
Pages
240
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
21583188
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02537-9
ProQuest document ID
2832639745
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.