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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

During the last few decades, major advances have been made in photovoltaic systems based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 chalcopyrite. However, the most efficient photovoltaic cells are processed under high-energy-demanding vacuum conditions. To lower the costs and facilitate high-throughput production, printing/coating processes are proving to be effective solutions. This work combined printing, coating, and chemical bath deposition processes of photoabsorber, buffer, and transparent conductive layers for the development of solution-processed photovoltaic systems. Using a sustainable approach, all inks were formulated using water and ethanol as solvents. Screen printing of the photoabsorber on fluorine-doped tin-oxide-coated glass followed by selenization, chemical bath deposition of the cadmium sulfide buffer, and final sputtering of the intrinsic zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide top conductive layers delivered a 6.6% maximum efficiency solar cell, a record for screen-printed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. On the other hand, the all-non-vacuum-processed device with spray-coated intrinsic zinc-oxide- and tin-doped indium oxide top conductive layers delivered a 2.2% efficiency. The given approaches represent relevant steps towards the fabrication of sustainable and efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells.

Details

Title
Towards All-Non-Vacuum-Processed Photovoltaic Systems: A Water-Based Screen-Printed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Photoabsorber with a 6.6% Efficiency
Author
Gonçalves, Bruna F 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sousa, Viviana 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Virtuoso, José 3 ; Modin, Evgeny 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lebedev, Oleg I 5 ; Botelho, Gabriela 6 ; Sadewasser, Sascha 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Salonen, Laura M 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lanceros-Méndez, Senentxu 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yury V Kolen’ko 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; [email protected] (B.F.G.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (L.M.S.); Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; [email protected]; Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; [email protected] 
 International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; [email protected] (B.F.G.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (L.M.S.) 
 International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; [email protected] (B.F.G.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (L.M.S.); International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 
 CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; [email protected] 
 Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENSICAEN, 14050 Caen, France; [email protected] 
 Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; [email protected] 
 Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; [email protected]; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain 
First page
1920
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20794991
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2836421752
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.