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Abstract
On Sept. 19th, 2021, a volcanic eruption began on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). The pre-eruptive episode was characterized by seismicity and ground deformation that started only 9.5 days before the eruption. In this study, we applied seismic interferometry to the data recorded by six broadband seismic stations, allowing us to estimate velocity variations during the weeks preceding the eruption. About 9.5 days before the eruption, we observed a reduction in the seismic velocities is registered next to the eruptive centers that opened later. Furthermore, this zone overlaps with the epicenters of a cluster of volcano-tectonic earthquakes located at shallow depth (< 4 km) and detached from the main cluster of deeper seismicity. We interpret the decrease in seismic velocities and the occurrence of such a shallow earthquake cluster as the effect of hydrothermal fluid released by the ascending magma batch and reaching the surface faster than the magma itself.
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1 Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Spain (GRID:grid.511653.5)
2 Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Spain (GRID:grid.511653.5); Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Tenerife, Spain (GRID:grid.425233.1)
3 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, Grenoble, France (GRID:grid.461907.d); Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, Iceland (GRID:grid.424824.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2362 8333)
4 Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Tenerife, Spain (GRID:grid.425233.1)
5 University of Granada, Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, Science Faculty, Granada, Spain (GRID:grid.4489.1) (ISNI:0000000121678994); University of Granada, Andalusian Institute of Geophysiscs, Granada, Spain (GRID:grid.4489.1) (ISNI:0000000121678994)
6 Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia (GRID:grid.465309.d); Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia (GRID:grid.4605.7) (ISNI:0000000121896553); Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia (GRID:grid.465343.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0397 7466)
7 Nagoya University, Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Nagoya, Japan (GRID:grid.27476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 0943 978X)