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Abstract
Microplastics (< 5 mm) have been found in marine ecosystems worldwide, even in Antarctic ecosystems. In this study, the stomach and upper intestines of 14 dead gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks were collected and screened for microplastics on King George Island, a gateway to Antarctic research and tourism. A total of 378 microplastics were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, with 27.0 ± 25.3 microplastics per individual. The detected number of microplastics did not increase with the mass of penguin chicks, suggesting no permanent accumulation of microplastics. However, the concentration of microplastics was much higher (9.1 ± 10.8 microplastics per individual within the size range 100–5000 μm) than the previously reported concentration in the penguin feces, and a greater number of smaller microplastics were found. Marine debris surveys near the breeding colony found various plastic (79.3%) to be the most frequent type of beached debris, suggesting that local sources of marine plastic waste could have contributed to microplastic contamination of penguin chicks being fed by parents that forage in nearby seas. This finding confirms the presence of microplastics in an Antarctic ecosystem and suggests the need for stronger waste management in Antarctica and a standardized scheme of microplastic monitoring in this once-pristine ecosystem.
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1 Seoul National University, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905); Korea Polar Research Institute, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.410913.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0400 5538)
2 Seoul National University, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, Madison, USA (GRID:grid.14003.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2167 3675)
3 Korea Institute of Analytical Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.14003.36)
4 Seoul National University, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905)
5 Taxidermy Lab, Icheon, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36)
6 Seoul National University, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905); Seoul National University, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905)