Abstract

Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) is a cause of concern in cities and major emission regions of northern India. An intensive field campaign involving the states of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi national capital region (NCR) was conducted in 2022 using 29 Compact and Useful PM2.5 Instrument with Gas sensors (CUPI-Gs). Continuous observations show that the PM2.5 in the region increased gradually from < 60 µg m−3 in 6–10 October to up to 500 µg m−3 on 5–9 November, which subsequently decreased to about 100 µg m−3 in 20–30 November. Two distinct plumes of PM2.5 over 500 µg m−3 are tracked from crop residue burning in Punjab to Delhi NCR on 2–3 November and 10–11 November with delays of 1 and 3 days, respectively. Experimental campaign demonstrates the advantages of source region observations to link agricultural waste burning and air pollution at local to regional scales.

Details

Title
Very high particulate pollution over northwest India captured by a high-density in situ sensor network
Author
Singh, Tanbir 1 ; Matsumi, Yutaka 2 ; Nakayama, Tomoki 3 ; Hayashida, Sachiko 1 ; Patra, Prabir K. 4 ; Yasutomi, Natsuko 1 ; Kajino, Mizuo 5 ; Yamaji, Kazuyo 6 ; Khatri, Pradeep 7 ; Takigawa, Masayuki 8 ; Araki, Hikaru 1 ; Kurogi, Yuki 9 ; Kuji, Makoto 9 ; Muramatsu, Kanako 9 ; Imasu, Ryoichi 10 ; Ananda, Anamika 10 ; Arbain, Ardhi A. 10 ; Ravindra, Khaiwal 11 ; Bhardwaj, Sanjeev 12 ; Kumar, Sahil 12 ; Mor, Sahil 13 ; Dhaka, Surendra K. 14 ; Dimri, A. P. 15 ; Sharma, Aka 15 ; Singh, Narendra 16 ; Bhatti, Manpreet S. 17 ; Yadav, Rekha 17 ; Vatta, Kamal 18 ; Mor, Suman 12 

1  Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan (GRID:grid.410846.f) (ISNI:0000 0000 9370 8809) 
2  Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan (GRID:grid.410846.f) (ISNI:0000 0000 9370 8809); Nagoya University, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya, Japan (GRID:grid.27476.30) (ISNI:0000 0001 0943 978X) 
3  Nagasaki University, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki, Japan (GRID:grid.174567.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 8902 2273) 
4  Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan (GRID:grid.410846.f) (ISNI:0000 0000 9370 8809); Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan (GRID:grid.410588.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2191 0132) 
5  Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Ibaraki, Japan (GRID:grid.237586.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 0597 9981) 
6  Kobe University, Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe, Japan (GRID:grid.31432.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 1092 3077) 
7  Tohoku University, Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies (CAOS), Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan (GRID:grid.69566.3a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2248 6943) 
8  Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan (GRID:grid.410588.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2191 0132) 
9  Nara Women’s University, Faculty of Science, Nara, Japan (GRID:grid.174568.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0059 3836) 
10  The University of Tokyo, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Chiba, Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X) 
11  Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India (GRID:grid.415131.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1767 2903) 
12  Panjab University, Department of Environment Studies, Chandigarh, India (GRID:grid.261674.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 5640) 
13  Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Science Engineering, Hisar, India (GRID:grid.411892.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0500 4297) 
14  Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Radio and Atmospheric Physics Lab, New Delhi, India (GRID:grid.8195.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2109 4999) 
15  Jawaharlal Nehru University, School of Environmental Sciences, New Delhi, India (GRID:grid.10706.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0498 924X) 
16  Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India (GRID:grid.440527.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 1019 6308) 
17  Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Amritsar, India (GRID:grid.411894.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0726 8286) 
18  Punjab Agricultural University, Department of Economics and Sociology, Ludhiana, India (GRID:grid.412577.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2176 2352) 
Pages
13201
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39471-1
ProQuest document ID
2850413597
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.