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Abstract
Phototherapy of deep tumors still suffers from many obstacles, such as limited near-infrared (NIR) tissue penetration depth and low accumulation efficiency within the target sites. Herein, stimuli-sensitive tumor-targeted photodynamic nanoparticles (STPNs) with persistent luminescence for the treatment of deep tumors are reported. Purpurin 18 (Pu18), a porphyrin derivative, is utilized as a photosensitizer to produce persistent luminescence in STPNs, while lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit bioimaging properties and possess high photostability that can enhance photosensitizer efficacy. STPNs are initially stimulated by NIR irradiation before intravenous administration and accumulate at the tumor site to enter the cells through the HER2 receptor. Due to Pu18 afterglow luminescence properties, STPNs can continuously generate ROS to inhibit NFκB nuclear translocation, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, STPNs can be used for diagnostic purposes through MRI and intraoperative NIR navigation. STPNs exceptional antitumor properties combined the advantages of UCNPs and persistent luminescence, representing a promising phototherapeutic strategy for deep tumors.
Phototherapy of deep tumors suffers from many obstacles, such as limited near-infrared tissue penetration depth and low accumulation efficiency within the target sites. Here, the authors report stimuli sensitive tumor-targeted photodynamic nanoparticles with persistent luminescence for the treatment of deep tumors.
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1 Zhejiang University, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
2 Zhejiang University, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
3 Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Department of Chemistry, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.413273.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0574 8737)
4 Zhejiang University, Department of Chemistry, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
5 Zhejiang University, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
6 Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
7 Zhejiang University, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University Medical Center, Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
8 Zhejiang University, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University Medical Center, Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X); Zhejiang University, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)