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Abstract
Gut microbiome disruptions may lead to adverse effects on wildlife fitness and viability, thus maintaining host microbiota biodiversity needs to become an integral part of wildlife conservation. The highly-endangered callitrichid golden lion tamarin (GLT-Leontopithecus rosalia) is a rare conservation success, but allochthonous callitrichid marmosets (Callithrix) serve as principle ecological GLT threats. However, incorporation of microbiome approaches to GLT conservation is impeded by limited gut microbiome studies of Brazilian primates. Here, we carried out analysis of gut metagenomic pools from 114 individuals of wild and captive GLTs and marmosets. More specifically, we analyzed the bacterial component of ultra filtered samples originally collected as part of a virome profiling study. The major findings of this study are consistent with previous studies in showing that Bifidobacterium, a bacterial species important for the metabolism of tree gums consumed by callitrichids, is an important component of the callitrichid gut microbiome - although GTLs and marmosets were enriched for different species of Bifidobacterium. Additionally, the composition of GLT and marmoset gut microbiota is sensitive to host environmental factors. Overall, our data expand baseline gut microbiome data for callitrichids to allow for the development of new tools to improve their management and conservation.
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1 Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany (GRID:grid.418215.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8502 7018); Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.8536.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2294 473X)
3 Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil (GRID:grid.7632.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2238 5157)
4 Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences and the Biodesign Institute, Tempe, USA (GRID:grid.215654.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 2636)
5 Sana Kombucha ME, Macaé, Brazil (GRID:grid.215654.1)
6 Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.215654.1)
7 Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (GRID:grid.7632.0)
8 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Laboratorio das Ciencias Ambientais, Centro de Biociencias e Biotecnologia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil (GRID:grid.412331.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9087 6639)