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Abstract
Worldwide, salinity severely affects agricultural production of crops such as mung bean in arid and semi-arid regions. In saline conditions, various species of Rhizobium can be used to enhance nodulation and induce salinity tolerance in maize. The present study conducted a pot experiment to determine the efficiency of three rhizobial isolates under different salinity conditions, such as 1.41, 4 and 6 dS m−1, on mung bean growth parameters, antioxidant status and yield. Results revealed that salt stress imparted adverse effects on the growth, antioxidants, yield and nodulation of mung bean. Under high salt stress conditions, fresh weights were reduced for roots (78.24%), shoots (64.52%), pods (58.26%) and height (32.33%) as compared to un-inoculated control plants. However, an increase in proline content (46.14%) was observed in high salt stressed plants. Three Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3), on the other hand, mitigated the negative effects of salt stress after inoculation. However, effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m−1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control. Rhizobium strains Mg1, and Mg2 expressed splendid results at 1.41 and 4 dS m−1 salinity stress. The growth promotion effects might be due to improvement in mineral uptake and ionic balance that minimized the inhibitory effects caused by salinity stress. Thus, inoculating with these strains may boost mung bean growth and yield under salinity stress.
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Details
1 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412496.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0636 6599)
2 National Agricultural Research Centre, Land Resources Research Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.419165.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0775 7565)
3 University of the Punjab, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan (GRID:grid.11173.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 519X)
4 Ministry of Science and Technology, Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.11173.35)
5 The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412496.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0636 6599)
6 University of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.413016.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0607 1563)
7 Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Plant Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412621.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2215 1297)
8 King Saud University, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.56302.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 5396)
9 University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Bonn, Germany (GRID:grid.10388.32) (ISNI:0000 0001 2240 3300)