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Abstract
The Arecaceae family has a worldwide distribution, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. We sequenced the chloroplast genomes of Acrocomia intumescens and A. totai, widely used in the food and energy industries; Bactris gasipaes, important for palm heart; Copernicia alba and C. prunifera, worldwide known for wax utilization; and Syagrus romanzoffiana, of great ornamental potential. Copernicia spp. showed the largest chloroplast genomes (C. prunifera: 157,323 bp and C. alba: 157,192 bp), while S. romanzoffiana and B. gasipaes var. gasipaes presented the smallest (155,078 bp and 155,604 bp). Structurally, great synteny was detected among palms. Conservation was also observed in the distribution of single sequence repeats (SSR). Copernicia spp. presented less dispersed repeats, without occurrence in the small single copy (SSC). All RNA editing sites were C (cytidine) to U (uridine) conversions. Overall, closely phylogenetically related species shared more sites. Almost all nodes of the phylogenetic analysis showed a posterior probability (PP) of 1.0, reaffirming the close relationship between Acrocomia species. These results elucidate the conservation among palm chloroplast genomes, but point to subtle structural changes, providing support for the evolutionary dynamics of the Arecaceae family.
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1 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato, Programa de Pós-Gradução em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, Brazil (GRID:grid.411087.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0723 2494)
2 University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Wien, Austria (GRID:grid.10420.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2286 1424)
3 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana, Brazil (GRID:grid.412317.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2325 7288)
4 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato, Programa de Pós-Gradução em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, Brazil (GRID:grid.411087.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0723 2494); Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Brazil (GRID:grid.412380.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2176 3398)
5 Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia, Manaus, Brazil (GRID:grid.411181.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2221 0517)
6 Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil (GRID:grid.510149.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2364 4157)
7 Universidade Federal do ABC, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Santo André, Brazil (GRID:grid.412368.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0643 8839)
8 Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Manaus, Brazil (GRID:grid.411181.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2221 0517)
9 Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
10 Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Piracicaba, Brazil (GRID:grid.452491.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0010 6786)