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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Escherichia coli is a key indicator of food hygiene, and its monitoring in meat samples points to the potential presence of antimicrobial-resistant strains capable of causing infections in humans, encompassing resistance profiles categorized as serious threats by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), such as Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)—a problem with consequences for animal, human, and environmental health. The objective of the present work was to isolate and characterize ESBL-producing E. coli strains from poultry, pork, and beef meat samples, with a characterization of their virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 450 meat samples (150 chicken, 150 beef, and 150 pork) were obtained from supermarkets and subsequently cultured in medium supplemented with cefotaxime. The isolated colonies were characterized biochemically, followed by antibiogram testing using the disk diffusion technique. Further classification involved biofilm formation and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (blaCTX-M, AmpC-type, mcr-1, and fosA3), and virulence genes (eaeA, st, bfpA, lt, stx1, stx2, aggR, iss, ompT, hlyF, iutA, iroN, fyuA, cvaC, and hylA). Statistical analysis was performed via the likelihood-ratio test. In total, 168 strains were obtained, with 73% originating from chicken, 22% from pork, and 17% from beef samples. Notably, strains exhibited greater resistance to tetracycline (51%), ciprofloxacin (46%), and fosfomycin (38%), apart from β-lactams. The detection of antimicrobial resistance in food-isolated strains is noteworthy, underscoring the significance of antimicrobial resistance as a global concern. More than 90% of the strains were biofilm producers, and strains carrying many ExPEC genes were more likely to be biofilm formers (OR 2.42), which increases the problem since the microorganisms have a greater chance of environment persistence and genetic exchange. Regarding molecular characterization, bovine samples showed a higher prevalence of blaCTX-M-1 (OR 6.52), while chicken strains were more likely to carry the fosA3 gene (OR 2.43, CI 1.17–5.05) and presented between 6 to 8 ExPEC genes (OR 2.5, CI 1.33–5.01) compared to other meat samples. Concerning diarrheagenic E. coli genes, two strains harbored eae. It is important to highlight these strains, as they exhibited both biofilm-forming capacities and multidrug resistance (MDR), potentially enabling colonization in diverse environments and causing infections. In conclusion, this study underscores the presence of β-lactamase-producing E. coli strains, mainly in poultry samples, compared to beef and pork samples. Furthermore, all meat sample strains exhibited many virulence-associated extraintestinal genes, with some strains harboring diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) genes.

Details

Title
Resistance and Virulence Surveillance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Commercial Meat Samples: A One Health Approach
Author
Menck-Costa, Maísa Fabiana 1 ; Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista 2 ; Matheus Silva Sanches 1 ; Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos 2 ; Claudinéia Emidio Cicero 2 ; Kitagawa, Hellen Yukari 1 ; Justino, Larissa 2 ; Leonardo Pinto Medeiros 1 ; Marielen de Souza 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sergio Paulo Dejato Rocha 1 ; Nakazato, Gerson 1 ; Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Microbiology, Center for Biological Science (CCB), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; [email protected] (M.F.M.-C.); [email protected] (M.S.S.); [email protected] (H.Y.K.); [email protected] (L.P.M.); [email protected] (S.P.D.R.); [email protected] (G.N.) 
 Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agricultural Sciences (CCA), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; [email protected] (A.A.S.B.); [email protected] (B.Q.d.S.); [email protected] (C.E.C.); [email protected] (L.J.); [email protected] (M.d.S.) 
First page
2712
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20762607
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2893287300
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.