Abstract

The ‘Green Revolution (GR)’ has been successful in meeting food sufficiency in India, but compromising its nutritional security. In a first, we report altered grain nutrients profile of modern-bred rice and wheat cultivars diminishing their mineral dietary significance to the Indian population. To substantiate, we evaluated grain nutrients profile of historical landmark high-yielding cultivars of rice and wheat released in succeeding decades since the GR and its impacts on mineral diet quality and human health, with a prediction for decades ahead. Analysis of grain nutrients profile shows a downward trend in concentrations of essential and beneficial elements, but an upward in toxic elements in past 50 y in both rice and wheat. For example, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in grains of rice decreased by ~ 33.0 (P < 0.001) and 27.0% (P < 0.0001); while for wheat it decreased by ~ 30.0 (P < 0.0001) and 19.0% (P < 0.0001) in past more than 50 y, respectively. A proposed mineral-diet quality index (M-DQI) significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased ~ 57.0 and 36.0% in the reported time span (1960–2010) in rice and wheat, respectively. The impoverished M-DQI could impose hostile effects on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like iron-deficiency anemia, respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal among the Indian population by 2040. Our research calls for an urgency of grain nutrients profiling before releasing a cultivar of staples like rice and wheat in the future.

Details

Title
Historical shifting in grain mineral density of landmark rice and wheat cultivars released over the past 50 years in India
Author
Debnath, Sovan 1 ; Dey, Ahana 2 ; Khanam, Rubina 3 ; Saha, Susmit 4 ; Sarkar, Dibyendu 5 ; Saha, Jayanta K. 6 ; Coumar, Mounissamy V. 6 ; Patra, Bhaskar C. 3 ; Biswas, Tufleuddin 7 ; Ray, Mrinmoy 8 ; Radhika, Madhari S. 9 ; Mandal, Biswapati 5 

 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Directorate of Research, Kalyani, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533); Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533); Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Regional Station Mukteshwar, Nainital, India (GRID:grid.444578.e); ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India (GRID:grid.418105.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0643 7375) 
 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533) 
 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India (GRID:grid.418371.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2183 1039) 
 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, College of Agriculture, Burdwan Sadar, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533) 
 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Directorate of Research, Kalyani, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533); Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533) 
 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Division of Environmental Soil Science, Bhopal, India (GRID:grid.464869.1) (ISNI:0000 0000 9288 3664) 
 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Department of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, India (GRID:grid.444578.e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9427 2533); Centurion University of Technology and Management, Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar, India (GRID:grid.460921.8) 
 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modeling, New Delhi, India (GRID:grid.463150.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2218 1322) 
 Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Hyderabad, India (GRID:grid.19096.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1767 225X) 
Pages
21164
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2895587794
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.