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Abstract
Direct, site-specific methods of protein functionalization are highly desirable for biotechnology. However, such methods are challenging due to the difficulty of chemically differentiating a single site within a large protein. Herein, we propose “metal binding targeting” strategy and develop a Copper Assisted Sequence-specific conjugation Tag (CAST) method to achieve rapid (second order rate 8.1 M−1 s−1), site-specific protein backbone chemical modification with pinpoint accuracy. We demonstrate the versatility of CAST conjugation by preparing various on-demand modified recombinant proteins, including a homogeneous antibody-drug conjugate with high plasma stability and potent efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CAST provides an efficient and quantitative method to site-specifically attach payloads on large, native proteins.
Direct, site-specific methods of protein functionalization are of interest, but challenging due to difficulty in chemically differentiating a single site within a large protein. Here, the authors develop a Copper Assisted Sequence-specific conjugation Tag (CAST) method to achieve rapid, site-specific protein backbone chemical modification with pinpoint accuracy, and prepare various on-demand modified recombinant proteins using CAST.
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1 Fudan University, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.8547.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0125 2443); Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.494629.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 8008 9315); Westlake University, Research Center for Industries of the Future and Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.494629.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 8008 9315); Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Biology, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.494629.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 8008 9315)
2 Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.494629.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 8008 9315); Westlake University, Research Center for Industries of the Future and Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.494629.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 8008 9315); Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Biology, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.494629.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 8008 9315)
3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Center, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.412465.0)
4 Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Hangzhou, China (GRID:grid.13402.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 700X)
5 University of California at San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, USA (GRID:grid.266102.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 6811)