Predictors of recurrence and survival in lymphovascular space invasion negative early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer patients

Abstract

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess prognostic factors correlated with recurrence and decreased oncologic outcomes, as well as the role of adjuvant treatment on survival in women with stage I and II endometrioid endometrial cancer without lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI).

Material and Methods:

Patients with LVSI negative, early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for identifying predictors of recurrence. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival curves were compared by log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to establish factors affecting OS and DFS. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results:

A total of 289 patients were included, with a mean age of 58 years and the median surveillance time of 45 (6-147) months. The majority of the patients (54%) had grade 1 tumors. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 68 (23.5%). A total of 13 (4.5%) recurred with median time to recurrence of 52 months. Patients receiving adjuvant treatment were more likely to recur (p=0.015), and grade was the only independent predictor of recurrence (p=0.029). Five-year OS and DFS were 95.8% and 97.9%, respectively. While tumor size (p=0.018) and grade 3 histology (p=0.045) were related with shorter DFS, age (p<0.001) was the only related factor for decreased OS.

Conclusion:

Recurrence rate was low among LVSI negative, early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer patients. Although recurrences were seen more frequently in patients who received adjuvant treatment, it wasn’t an independent prognostic factor. Neither recurrence nor adverse uterine risk factors were associated with shorter OS. While age was the only prognostic factor for decreased OS, grade 3 histology and tumor size were associated with decreased DFS.