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Abstract
Nanostructures proved to be versatile platforms to control the electromagnetic field at subwavelength scale. Indeed, high-quality-factors nanocavities have been used to boost and control nonlinear frequency generation by increasing the light–matter interaction. However, nonlinear processes are triggered by high-intensities, which are provided by ultrashort laser pulses with large bandwidth, which cannot be fully exploited in such devices. Time-varying optical systems allow one to overcome the time-bandwidth limit by modulating the cavity external coupling. Here we present a general treatment, based on coupled mode theory, to describe second harmonic generation in a doubly resonant cavity for which the quality-factor at the fundamental frequency is modulated in time. We identify the initial quality factor maximizing second harmonic efficiency when performing Q-boosting and we predict a theoretical energy conversion efficiency close to unity. Our results have direct impact on the design of next generation time-dependent metasurfaces to boost nonlinear frequency conversion of ultrashort laser pulses.
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Details
1 Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy; National Institute of Optics – National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
2 National Institute of Optics – National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 9, 90128, Palermo, Italy
3 Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
4 Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 9, 90128, Palermo, Italy