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Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables three-dimensional reconstruction of the functional blood vessels in the retina. Therefore, it enables the quantification of 3D retinal vessel parameters such as surface area and vessel volume. In spite of the widespread use of OCTA, no representative volume-rendered vessel volume (VV) data are published to date. In this study, OCTA 3 × 3 mm macular cubes were processed with volume-rendering techniques to measure VV in 203 eyes from 107 healthy volunteers. Generalized linear models (GLM) were constructed to assess the impact of age, gender, visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL) on VV. Overall mean VV was 0.23 ± 0.05mm3. Age and axial length showed a negative correlation with VV. However, GLM model analysis found that AL exerted the most pronounced influence on VV. No statistically significant associations were identified between gender or between left and right eyes. This is the first study to assess 3D OCTA VV and its naturally occurring variations in a large series of healthy subjects. It offers novel insights into the characterization of normal retinal vascular anatomy in healthy individuals, contributing to a valuable reference for future research in this field.
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1 Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.410458.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9635 9413)
2 Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland (GRID:grid.508836.0) (ISNI:0000 0005 0369 7509); University Hospital Basel, Department of Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland (GRID:grid.410567.1); Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (GRID:grid.436474.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9168 0080)
3 Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland (GRID:grid.508836.0) (ISNI:0000 0005 0369 7509)
4 Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland (GRID:grid.508836.0) (ISNI:0000 0005 0369 7509); University Hospital Basel, Department of Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland (GRID:grid.410567.1)
5 Albert-Ludwig University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Center, Freiburg, Germany (GRID:grid.5963.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 7203); Augenärzte Am Städel, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany (GRID:grid.5963.9)
6 Albert-Ludwig University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Center, Freiburg, Germany (GRID:grid.5963.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 7203); St. Franziskus Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Münster, Germany (GRID:grid.416655.5)
7 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (GRID:grid.436474.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9168 0080)
8 University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Zurich, Switzerland (GRID:grid.412004.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0478 9977); University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (GRID:grid.7400.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0650)
9 Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, USA (GRID:grid.497655.c)
10 Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.410458.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9635 9413); Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (GRID:grid.436474.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9168 0080); Institut de Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.10403.36) (ISNI:0000000091771775)