Abstract

This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.

The antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines varies among individuals. Here the authors find that older age, male sex, smoking, higher BMI, vaccine type, and certain comorbidities are associated with lower anti-S1 antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccinations, indicating that certain groups might benefit from higher frequency or doses of vaccination.

Details

Title
Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study
Author
Kim, John S. 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sun, Yifei 2 ; Balte, Pallavi 3 ; Cushman, Mary 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Boyle, Rebekah 5 ; Tracy, Russell P. 5 ; Styer, Linda M. 6 ; Bell, Taison D. 7 ; Anderson, Michaela R. 8 ; Allen, Norrina B. 9   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Schreiner, Pamela J. 10 ; Bowler, Russell P. 11 ; Schwartz, David A. 12 ; Lee, Joyce S. 12 ; Xanthakis, Vanessa 13 ; Doyle, Margaret F. 5 ; Regan, Elizabeth A. 14 ; Make, Barry J. 11 ; Kanaya, Alka M. 15 ; Wenzel, Sally E. 16   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Coresh, Josef 17   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Isasi, Carmen R. 18   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Raffield, Laura M. 19   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Elkind, Mitchell S. V. 20 ; Howard, Virginia J. 21 ; Ortega, Victor E. 22 ; Woodruff, Prescott 23 ; Cole, Shelley A. 24 ; Henderson, Joel M. 25 ; Mantis, Nicholas J. 26   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Parker, Monica M. 6 ; Demmer, Ryan T. 27 ; Oelsner, Elizabeth C. 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

1  University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA (GRID:grid.27755.32) (ISNI:0000 0000 9136 933X); Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729) 
2  Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729) 
3  Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729) 
4  Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Department of Medicine, Burlington, USA (GRID:grid.59062.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7689); Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Burlington, USA (GRID:grid.59062.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7689) 
5  Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Burlington, USA (GRID:grid.59062.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7689) 
6  Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, USA (GRID:grid.465543.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0435 9002) 
7  University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA (GRID:grid.27755.32) (ISNI:0000 0000 9136 933X) 
8  University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA (GRID:grid.25879.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8972) 
9  Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, USA (GRID:grid.16753.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2299 3507) 
10  University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657) 
11  National Jewish Health, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Denver, USA (GRID:grid.240341.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0396 0728) 
12  University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, USA (GRID:grid.499234.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0433 9255) 
13  Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558); Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA (GRID:grid.510954.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0444 3861) 
14  National Jewish Health, Division of Rheumatology, Denver, USA (GRID:grid.240341.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0396 0728) 
15  University of California San Francisco, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco, USA (GRID:grid.266102.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 6811) 
16  University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, and Department of Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, USA (GRID:grid.21925.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9000) 
17  New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, Department of Population Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753); New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, Department of Medicine, New York, USA (GRID:grid.137628.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8753) 
18  Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, USA (GRID:grid.251993.5) (ISNI:0000000121791997) 
19  University of North Carolina, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, USA (GRID:grid.10698.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2248 3208) 
20  Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Neurology, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729); Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000000419368729) 
21  University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, USA (GRID:grid.265892.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 0634 4187) 
22  Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA (GRID:grid.66875.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0459 167X) 
23  University of California San Francisco, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco, USA (GRID:grid.266102.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 6811) 
24  Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Population Health Program, San Antonio, USA (GRID:grid.250889.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2215 0219) 
25  Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558) 
26  Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, USA (GRID:grid.465543.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0435 9002); University at Albany, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, Albany, USA (GRID:grid.265850.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 7947) 
27  University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657); Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000000419368729); College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, USA (GRID:grid.66875.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0459 167X) 
Pages
1492
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20411723
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45468-9
ProQuest document ID
2928443223
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.