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Abstract
El periodo previo al establecimiento del Protectorado español en Marruecos en 1912 no fue el más prolífico en términos de producción científica médica. No obstante, en nuestra opinión, se trató del más importante históricamente en lo que respecta al alcance y al potencial de dicha producción. El impulso político a las iniciativas españolas en Marruecos desde mediados de la década de 1880 se tradujo en un aumento del número de médicos españoles, cuya actividad se enmarcó en un triple esquema: médicos consulares, médicos en la corte del Sultán y médicos de la Comisión del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor. El resultado de sus actividades fue un corpus de informes, manuscritos y publicaciones, generalmente olvidado, pero que constituyó el intento mas ambicioso de España de elaborar una imagen de la salud y la enfermedad en el conjunto de Marruecos. Además de identificar qué médicos ejercieron durante este periodo y enumerar sus trabajos científicos, analizaremos dos obras especialmente relevantes: El cólera en Tánger de Felipe Óvilo y Topografía médica del Fahs de Tánger y las cábilas de Anyera de Ramón Fiol.
The years predating the establishment of the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco in 1912 were not the most prolific interms of the scientific output of Spanish physicians residing in that country. In our opinion, however, they were the most important in the history of Spanish intervention in Marocco in research scope and potential. Political backing to initiatives in Morocco from the mid-1880s resulted in higher numbers of Spanish physicians, working in: consulates, the Sultan’s court and the Spanish Topographic Commision. The result of their activities was a corpus of reports, manuscripts and publications which, though hitherto forgotten, stood as the most serious attempt ever made by Spain of drawing a comprehensive picture of health and disease in Morocco. Besides identifying individual physicians and enumerating their scientific writings, we will analyze two especially relevant works: El cólera en Tánger, by Felipe Óvilo and Topografía médica del Fahs de Tánger y las cábilas de Anyera, by Ramón Fiol.
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