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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

This study used a sonochemical synthesis method to prepare (La, Sm)-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of incorporating these lanthanide elements on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of ZnO-NPs was analyzed. The cytotoxicity and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity of ZnO-NPs were evaluated against breast (MCF7) and colon (HT29) cancer cell lines. Their antioxidant activity was analyzed using a DPPH assay, and their toxicity towards Artemia salina nauplii was also evaluated. The results revealed that treatment with NPs resulted in the death of 10.559–42.546% and 18.230–38.643% of MCF7 and HT29 cells, respectively. This effect was attributed to the ability of NPs to downregulate ROS formation within the two cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In the DPPH assay, treatment with (La, Sm)-doped ZnO-NPs inhibited the generation of free radicals at IC50 values ranging from 3.898 to 126.948 μg/mL. Against A. salina nauplii, the synthesized NPs did not cause death nor induce morphological changes at the tested concentrations. A series of machine learning (ML) models were used to predict the biological performance of (La, Sm)-doped ZnO-NPs. Among the designed ML models, the gradient boosting model resulted in the greatest mean absolute error (MAE) (MAE 9.027, R2 = 0.86). The data generated in this work provide innovative insights into the influence of La and Sm on the structural arrangement and chemical features of ZnO-NPs, together with their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and in vivo toxicity.

Details

Title
Lanthanide-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: Unraveling Their Role in Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Nanotoxicology
Author
Mejía-Méndez, Jorge L 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Navarro-López, Diego E 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sanchez-Martinez, Araceli 3 ; Ceballos-Sanchez, Oscar 3 ; Garcia-Amezquita, Luis Eduardo 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tiwari, Naveen 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Juarez-Moreno, Karla 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sanchez-Ante, Gildardo 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; López-Mena, Edgar R 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Laboratory of Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Tecnologicode Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. José Guadalupe Zuno # 48, Industrial Los Belenes, Zapopan 45157, Mexico; [email protected] (A.S.-M.); [email protected] (O.C.-S.) 
 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada No 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; [email protected] 
 Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Jenaro de La Fuente S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain 
 Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, Mexico 
First page
213
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20763921
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2930478110
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.