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Abstract
Seagrass meadows form highly productive and diverse ecosystems in coastal areas worldwide, where they are increasingly exposed to ocean acidification (OA). Efficient nitrogen (N) cycling and uptake are essential to maintain plant productivity, but the effects of OA on N transformations in these systems are poorly understood. Here we show that complete N cycling occurs on leaves of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica at a volcanic CO2 vent near Ischia Island (Italy), with OA affecting both N gain and loss while the epiphytic microbial community structure remains largely unaffected. Daily leaf-associated N2 fixation contributes to 35% of the plant’s N demand under ambient pH, while it contributes to 45% under OA. Nitrification potential is only detected under OA, and N-loss via N2 production increases, although the balance remains decisively in favor of enhanced N gain. Our work highlights the role of the N-cycling microbiome in seagrass adaptation to OA, with key N transformations accelerating towards increased N gain.
A stable isotope study reveals that complete nitrogen cycling takes place on the leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Ocean acidification influences nitrogen gain and loss, while the structure of the epiphytic microbial community remains largely unaffected.
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1 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806); University of Bremen, Department of Marine Ecology, Bremen, Germany (GRID:grid.7704.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 4381); Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Genova, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806)
2 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806)
3 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806); University of Bremen, Department of Marine Ecology, Bremen, Germany (GRID:grid.7704.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 4381)
4 National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, Ancona, Italy (GRID:grid.5326.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 1940 4177)
5 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806); Aarhus University, Center for water technology (WATEC), Department of Biology, Aarhus, Denmark (GRID:grid.7048.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 1956 2722)
6 Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic (GRID:grid.418338.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2255 8513); University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic (GRID:grid.14509.39) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 4904)
7 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Research Infrastructures for marine biological resources, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806)
8 University of Bremen, Department of Marine Ecology, Bremen, Germany (GRID:grid.7704.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 4381)
9 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806); Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn – National Institute of Marine Biology, Genova, Italy (GRID:grid.6401.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1758 0806)